Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) formation on [Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach) ,and Urtica urens (stinging nettle)] belonging to Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Urticaceae families, which are known to have a negative influence on the symbiotic life formation with AMF. Two PGPR isolates that contributed to the plant's growth and served as a “mycorrhizal helper” in various hosts were predetermined at the initial stage; then they were applied to three plant species with AMF species [Gigaspora margarita and commercial AMF (ERS)]. The obtained results revealed that combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants. PGPR bacteria had different effects on AMF root colonization depending on the plant species. The highest root colonization rate was achieved in spinach plants with the commercial AMF treatments. Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in cauliflower and nettle compared to the control group, and only one application group (G. margarita x PGPR) in spinach plants had an increase in phosphorus content.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and PGPR improved cauliflower growth and morphology.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise0 - Treatment
- combined AMF x PGPR treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and morphological development parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and PGPR improved spinach growth and morphology.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- combined AMF x PGPR treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and morphological development parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF and PGPR improved nettle growth and morphology.
- Taxon
- nettlee0
- Treatment
- combined AMF x PGPR treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and morphological development parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“combined AMF x PGPR treatments improved the growth and morphological development parameters of cauliflower, spinach, and nettle plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR effects on AMF root colonization differed by plant species.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach) ,and Urtica urens (stinging nettle)Spinacia oleracea
Brassica oleraceae1 - Treatment
- PGPR bacteriae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPR bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF root colonizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGPR bacteria had different effects on AMF root colonization depending on the plant species”
e1“Brassica oleracea (cauliflower), Spinacia oleracea (spinach) ,and Urtica urens (stinging nettle)”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial AMF treatment gave spinach the highest root colonization rate.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- commercial AMF treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root colonization rate was achieved in spinach plants with the commercial AMF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial AMF alone increased spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- Commercial AMF isolate, alonee0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial AMF alone increased spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Commercial AMF isolate, alonee0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial AMF with PGPR increased spore density and dependency in cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strainse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPR strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial AMF with PGPR increased spore density and dependency in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strainse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Second interactor
- PGPR strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependencye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial AMF isolate, alone or in combination with PGPR strains, was also found to increase AMF spore density and mycorrhizal dependency in cauliflower and spinach plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower total phosphorus did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- total phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in cauliflower and nettle compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Nettle total phosphorus did not differ significantly from control.
- Taxon
- nettlee0
- Outcome
- total phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in cauliflower and nettle compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
G. margarita with PGPR increased spinach phosphorus content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- G. margarita x PGPRe0
- Interactor
- G. margarita
Gigaspora margaritae0symbiont - Second interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only one application group (G. margarita x PGPR) in spinach plants had an increase in phosphorus content”
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