Abstract
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a persistent threat to crop production worldwide. The present study examined the putative roles of nitric oxide (NO) in improving Cd-tolerance in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). The present study was conducted using four different genotypes of B. oleracea named as FD-3, FD-4, FD-2 and Ceilo Blanco which were subjected to the Cd stress at various concentrations i.e., 0, 5, 10 and 20 µM with or without the application of NO i.e., 0.10 mM in the sand containing nutrient Hoagland's solution. Our results illustrated that the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd accumulation (roots and shoots) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under the increasing levels of Cd in all genotypes of B. oleracea while antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacity and nutritional status of the plants was decreased with varying levels of Cd in the sand. From all studied genotypes of B. oleracea, Ceilo Blanco and FD-4 was found to be most sensitive species to the Cd stress under the same levels of the Cd in the medium while FD-2 and FD-3 showed more tolerance to the Cd stress compared to all other genotypes of B. oleracea. Although, toxic effect of Cd in the sand can overcome by the application of NO which not only increased plant growth and nutrients accumulation but also decreased the oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organelles and also Cd accumulation in various parts of the plants in all genotypes of B. oleracea. Hence, it was concluded that application of NO can overcome Cd toxicity in B. oleracea by maintaining the growth regulation and nutritional status of the plant and overcome oxidative damage induced by Cd toxicity in all genotypes of B. oleracea.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced shoot and root lengths in all genotypes.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytist0 - Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- shoot length, root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced germination percentage, index, mean time, and time to 50% germination.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- carotenoid contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“the increasing levels of Cd in the sand, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, time to 50% germination, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium increased malondialdehyde concentration.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd accumulation (roots and shoots) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under the increasing levels of Cd in all genotypes of B. oleracea while antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacity and nutritional status of the plants was decreased with varying levels of Cd in the sand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium increased cadmium accumulation in roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation (roots and shoots)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd accumulation (roots and shoots) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under the increasing levels of Cd in all genotypes of B. oleracea while antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacity and nutritional status of the plants was decreased with varying levels of Cd in the sand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd accumulation (roots and shoots) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under the increasing levels of Cd in all genotypes of B. oleracea while antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacity and nutritional status of the plants was decreased with varying levels of Cd in the sand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium reduced plant nutritional status.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- varying levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- nutritional statuse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cd accumulation (roots and shoots) increased significantly (P < 0.05) under the increasing levels of Cd in all genotypes of B. oleracea while antioxidant (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) capacity and nutritional status of the plants was decreased with varying levels of Cd in the sand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceilo Blanco was among the most cadmium-sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- Ceilo Blancoe0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
- Comparator
- all other genotypes of B. oleraceae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“Ceilo Blanco and FD-4 was found to be most sensitive species to the Cd stress under the same levels of the Cd in the medium while FD-2 and FD-3 showed more tolerance to the Cd stress compared to all other genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
FD-4 was among the most cadmium-sensitive genotypes.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- FD-4e0
- Outcome
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“Ceilo Blanco and FD-4 was found to be most sensitive species to the Cd stress under the same levels of the Cd in the medium while FD-2 and FD-3 showed more tolerance to the Cd stress compared to all other genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
FD-2 showed greater cadmium tolerance than other genotypes.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- FD-2e0
- Outcome
- more tolerancee0
- Comparator
- all other genotypes of B. oleraceae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“Ceilo Blanco and FD-4 was found to be most sensitive species to the Cd stress under the same levels of the Cd in the medium while FD-2 and FD-3 showed more tolerance to the Cd stress compared to all other genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
FD-3 showed greater cadmium tolerance than other genotypes.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- FD-3e0
- Outcome
- more tolerancee0
- Comparator
- all other genotypes of B. oleraceae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“Ceilo Blanco and FD-4 was found to be most sensitive species to the Cd stress under the same levels of the Cd in the medium while FD-2 and FD-3 showed more tolerance to the Cd stress compared to all other genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide application increased cauliflower growth under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- application of NOe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“application of NO which not only increased plant growth and nutrients accumulation but also decreased the oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organelles and also Cd accumulation in various parts of the plants in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide application increased nutrient accumulation under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- application of NOe0
- Outcome
- nutrients accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“application of NO which not only increased plant growth and nutrients accumulation but also decreased the oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organelles and also Cd accumulation in various parts of the plants in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide application reduced oxidative damage under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- application of NOe0
- Outcome
- oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organellese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“application of NO which not only increased plant growth and nutrients accumulation but also decreased the oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organelles and also Cd accumulation in various parts of the plants in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide application reduced cadmium accumulation in plant parts.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- application of NOe0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in various parts of the plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.)”
e0“application of NO which not only increased plant growth and nutrients accumulation but also decreased the oxidative damage to the membranous bounded organelles and also Cd accumulation in various parts of the plants in all genotypes of B. oleracea”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
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nitric oxide · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.