Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu), which are significant components of industrial pollution, on germination and early seedling development in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Experiments were carried out in MS nutrient medium using heavy metal doses of 0 (control), 100, 300, and 500 µM under in vitro conditions. Morphological and physiological parameters such as germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, shoot-root length, and fresh and dry weight were examined. The results showed that the phytotoxic effect varied depending on the metal type and dose. Cd particularly suppressed germination at high doses (42.00% at Cd-500). Cu showed toxic effects even at low doses, with germination values varying between 50.00% and 53.00% between treatments. Ni, on the other hand, showed a stimulating effect on some parameters, such as root length (50.73 mm at Ni-100), at low and medium doses. The longest shoot length was recorded in the control group (42.40 mm), while significant reductions were observed at higher metal doses. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between growth parameters and a negative relationship between root dry weight and germination measurements. PCA showed that most of the variance was concentrated in the first three components, which together explained 73.4% of the total variation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cd at high doses suppressed cauliflower germination (42.00% at Cd-500).
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise0 - Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- 42.00%e1
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e1“Cd particularly suppressed germination at high doses (42.00% at Cd-500)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu had toxic effects on cauliflower germination even at low doses, with germination of 50.00% to 53.00%.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- Cue2
- Outcome
- germination valuese2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 50.00% and 53.00%e2
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e2“Cu showed toxic effects even at low doses, with germination values varying between 50.00% and 53.00% between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni had a stimulating effect on cauliflower root length at low and medium doses (50.73 mm at Ni-100).
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- Nie3
- Outcome
- root lengthe3
- Direction
- stimulating effecte3
- Value
- 50.73 mme3
- Qualifier
- at low and medium dosese3
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e3“Ni, on the other hand, showed a stimulating effect on some parameters, such as root length (50.73 mm at Ni-100), at low and medium doses”
Claim · model-written summary
The control group had the longest cauliflower shoots (42.40 mm).
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe4
- Value
- 42.40 mme4
- Qualifier
- control groupe4
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e4“The longest shoot length was recorded in the control group (42.40 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metal doses significantly reduced cauliflower shoot length relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Treatment
- higher metal dosese5
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe4
- Direction
- reductionse5
- Comparator
- control groupe4
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e4“The longest shoot length was recorded in the control group (42.40 mm)”
e5“significant reductions were observed at higher metal doses”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth parameters of cauliflower were positively correlated with each other.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse6
- Direction
- positivee6
- Setting
- in vitrot0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cauliflower in vitro”
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e6“Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight was negatively related to germination measurements in cauliflower.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Outcome
- germination measurementse7
- Direction
- negativee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e7“a negative relationship between root dry weight and germination measurements”
Claim · model-written summary
The first three principal components explained 73.4% of the total variation in the cauliflower data.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. botrytisBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Outcome
- total variatione1
- Value
- 73.4%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)”
e1“PCA showed that most of the variance was concentrated in the first three components, which together explained 73.4% of the total variation”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.