Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the cold stress effect in natural field conditions by employing different rice sowing timings over three years, to identify national varieties tolerant to cold stress at the vegetative and generative stages, and to propose a data-derived solution regarding termination and resowing due to cold stress conditions. Early, regular, and late sowing dates were employed to capture natural cold stress conditions in a 3-year-long experiment. Sowing dates resulting in the greatest yields fluctuated from regular to late sowing dates, according to the stress duration in cold stress years. Yield losses resulting from cold stress ranged from 0.810 to 2.740 t ha-1 and reached 38.6%. ‘Halilbey,’ ‘Pasali,’ and ‘Mevlutbey’ were found to be most cold-tolerant varieties. Grain yield was correlated with plant number; the critical minimum level was between 60.8 and 79.6 plants m-2 and the optimum was 132.3 plants m-2 for economical yield. Cold stress negatively affected rice plant density, and plant densities below the critical minimum plant warranted crop termination and resowing, depending on application costs. Cold stress had a far more devastating effect on germination and seedling stages than on later development stages in temperate conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The highest-yielding sowing date varied from regular to late across cold-stress years.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- sowing datese0
- Outcome
- greatest yieldse0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- cold stress yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing dates resulting in the greatest yields fluctuated from regular to late sowing dates, according to the stress duration in cold stress years”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress reduced rice yield by 0.810 to 2.740 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Outcome
- Yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 0.810 to 2.740 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses resulting from cold stress ranged from 0.810 to 2.740 t ha-1 and reached 38.6%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-stress yield loss reached 38.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses resulting from cold stress ranged from 0.810 to 2.740 t ha-1 and reached 38.6%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Halilbey was identified as one of the most cold-tolerant varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Halilbeye0
- Outcome
- most cold-tolerant varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Halilbey,’ ‘Pasali,’ and ‘Mevlutbey’ were found to be most cold-tolerant varieties”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pasali was identified as one of the most cold-tolerant varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pasalie0
- Outcome
- most cold-tolerant varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Halilbey,’ ‘Pasali,’ and ‘Mevlutbey’ were found to be most cold-tolerant varieties”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mevlutbey was identified as one of the most cold-tolerant varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Mevlutbeye0
- Outcome
- most cold-tolerant varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Halilbey,’ ‘Pasali,’ and ‘Mevlutbey’ were found to be most cold-tolerant varieties”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield correlated with plant number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- plante0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- plant numbere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was correlated with plant number”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Critical minimum rice plant number for economical yield was 60.8 to 79.6 plants m-2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- critical minimum levele0
- Value
- 60.8 and 79.6 plants m-2e0
- Qualifier
- economical yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the critical minimum level was between 60.8 and 79.6 plants m-2 and the optimum was 132.3 plants m-2 for economical yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal rice plant number for economical yield was 132.3 plants m-2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- optimume0
- Value
- 132.3 plants m-2e0
- Qualifier
- economical yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the critical minimum level was between 60.8 and 79.6 plants m-2 and the optimum was 132.3 plants m-2 for economical yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress reduced rice plant density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- rice plant densitye0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress negatively affected rice plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend terminating and resowing rice stands below critical minimum density when costs justify it.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- crop termination and resowinge0
- Qualifier
- plant densities below the critical minimum plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant densities below the critical minimum plant warranted crop termination and resowing, depending on application costs”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress damaged rice germination and seedling stages more than later stages under temperate conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cold stresse0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling stagese0
- Direction
- far more devastatinge0
- Comparator
- later development stagese0
- Setting
- temperate conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stress had a far more devastating effect on germination and seedling stages than on later development stages in temperate conditions”
t0“rice”
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