Abstract
Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic metals, which significantly reduce the growth of plants even at a low concentration. Cd interacts with various plant mechanisms at the physiological and antioxidant levels, resulting in decreased plant growth. This research was conducted to exploit the potential of synergistic application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mitigation of Cd stress in linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) plants. The main aim of this study was to exploit the role of M. oleifera leaf extract and ZnO NPs on Cd-exposed linseed plants. Cd concentrations in the root and shoot of linseed plants decreased after administration of MZnO NPs. Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased. The administration of MZnO NPs to the Cd-stressed linseed plant resulted in a significant increase in growth and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited a considerable increase in the activity when MZnO NPs were applied to Cd-stressed seedlings. The introduction of MZnO NPs lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the linseed plant grown in Cd-toxic conditions. The NPs decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) in Cd-stressed linseed leaves and roots. It was concluded that synergistic application of ZnO NPs and M. oleifera leaf extract alleviated Cd stress in linseed plants through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is proposed that role of MZnO NPs may be evaluated for mitigation of numerous abiotic stresses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs decreased root cadmium concentrations in linseed.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- administration of MZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in the roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cd concentrations in the root and shoot of linseed plants decreased after administration of MZnO NPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs decreased shoot cadmium concentrations in linseed.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- administration of MZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- Cd concentrations in the root and shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cd concentrations in the root and shoot of linseed plants decreased after administration of MZnO NPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing external cadmium decreased linseed growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- external Cd levele0
- Outcome
- Growth parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased.”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing external cadmium decreased antioxidant system measures.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- external Cd levele0
- Outcome
- antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased.”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing external cadmium decreased physiochemical parameters.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- external Cd levele0
- Outcome
- physiochemical parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth parameters of plants, antioxidant system, and physiochemical parameters decreased as the external Cd level increased.”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs significantly increased growth of cadmium-stressed linseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The administration of MZnO NPs to the Cd-stressed linseed plant resulted in a significant increase in growth and antioxidant enzymes.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs significantly increased antioxidant enzymes in cadmium-stressed linseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The administration of MZnO NPs to the Cd-stressed linseed plant resulted in a significant increase in growth and antioxidant enzymes.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity in cadmium-stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- MZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited a considerable increase in the activity when MZnO NPs were applied to Cd-stressed seedlings.”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs increased catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in cadmium-stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Linum usitatissimumLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- MZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) exhibited a considerable increase in the activity when MZnO NPs were applied to Cd-stressed seedlings.”
t0“Linum usitatissimum”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs lowered malondialdehyde in cadmium-stressed linseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of MZnO NPs lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the linseed plant grown in Cd-toxic conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs lowered hydrogen peroxide in cadmium-stressed linseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of MZnO NPs lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the linseed plant grown in Cd-toxic conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs decreased electrolyte leakage in cadmium-stressed linseed leaves.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- NPse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The NPs decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) in Cd-stressed linseed leaves and roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
MZnO NPs decreased electrolyte leakage in cadmium-stressed linseed roots.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- NPse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The NPs decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) in Cd-stressed linseed leaves and roots.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
cadmium atom · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.