Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major economic pest in the United States and has recently become a significant concern in African and Asian countries. Due to its increased resistance to current management strategies, including pesticides and transgenic corn, alternative management techniques have become more necessary. Currently, silicon (Si) is being used in many pest control systems due to its ability to increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and promote plant growth. The current experiments were carried out at the College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China, to test the effect of Si on lifetable parameters and lipase activity of fall armyworm and vegetative and physiological parameters of maize plants. Two sources of Si (silicon dioxide: SiO2 and potassium silicate: K2SiO3) were applied on maize plants with two application methods (foliar application and soil drenching). The experiment results revealed that foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality percentage and developmental period and decreased larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm. Similarly, both Si sources significantly (P≤0.05) reduced lipase activity of larvae, and fecundity of adults, whereas prolonged longevity of adults. Among plant parameters, a significant increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem length, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity was observed with foliar applications of Si. Root fresh and dry weight was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in plants treated with soil drenching of SiO2 and K2SiO3. Moreover, SiO2 performed better for all parameters as compared to K2SiO3 and control treatment. The study conclusively demonstrated a significant negative effect on various biological parameters of fall armyworm when plants were treated with Si, so it can be a promising strategy to control this pest.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon sources increased fall armyworm mortality percentage on maize.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3e0
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- mortality percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality percentage and developmental period and decreased larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon sources increased fall armyworm developmental period on maize.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3e0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- developmental periode0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality percentage and developmental period and decreased larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon sources decreased fall armyworm larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm on maize.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3e0
- Interactor
- fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar applications of SiO2 and K2SiO3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased mortality percentage and developmental period and decreased larval and pupal biomass of fall armyworm”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources reduced fall armyworm lipase activity of larvae.
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si sources significantly (P≤0.05) reduced lipase activity of larvae, and fecundity of adults, whereas prolonged longevity of adults”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources reduced fall armyworm fecundity of adults.
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si sources significantly (P≤0.05) reduced lipase activity of larvae, and fecundity of adults, whereas prolonged longevity of adults”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources prolonged fall armyworm longevity of adults.
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si sources significantly (P≤0.05) reduced lipase activity of larvae, and fecundity of adults, whereas prolonged longevity of adults”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon increased maize fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem length.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of Sie0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem length, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity was observed with foliar applications of Si”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon increased maize chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity.
- Treatment
- foliar applications of Sie0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot, stem length, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant activity was observed with foliar applications of Si”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drenching with either silicon source increased maize root fresh and dry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root fresh and dry weight was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in plants treated with soil drenching of SiO2 and K2SiO3”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 performed better across assessed parameters than K2SiO3 and the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiO2 performed better for all parameters as compared to K2SiO3 and control treatment”
t0“maize”
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