Abstract
The newly released high yielding cotton cultivars are higher boll retention rate than conventional cultivars that have higher overall nutrient demand during the flowering and boll development stages. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted at during summer, 2020 at Annamalai University experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India, 608 002 to ascertain the impact of foliar application of essential nutrients and biofertilizers on growth and yield of cotton. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments of foliar application macro and micro-nutrients with and without Pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria (PPFM) and replicated thrice. Foliar application of macro, micronutrients and PPFM registered the increased values of growth characters, yield attributes and yield of hybrid cotton. Among the foliar application practice tested, foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha). This was statistically on par with the foliar application of 2% MgSO4 + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages. The lower values of growth characters, yield attributes and yield were recorded under water spray treatment. Based on the results of field investigation it can be concluded that foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages can possibly enhance the growth and yield of hybrid cotton grown under dryland condition.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced plant height to 157.40 cm.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 157.40 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced Dry matter production to 6003 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Dry matter productione0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 6003 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced number of monopodial branches to 3.28/plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of monopodial branchese0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 3.28/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced Leaf area index to 4.30.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 4.30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced Crop growth rate to 7.01 g/m2/day.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 7.01 g/m2/daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced Relative growth rate to 0.0144 g/g/day.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 0.0144 g/g/daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced number of sympodial branches to 21.77/plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of sympodial branchese0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 21.77/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced number of squares to 83.77/plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of squarese0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 83.77/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced number of bolls to 45.04/plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of bollse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 45.04/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced boll weight to 5.58 g.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- boll weighte0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 5.58 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2% urea plus 1% PPFM enhanced seed cotton yield to 3185 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Interactor
- PPFMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Value
- 3185 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of 2% urea + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages significantly resulted in the enhances values of growth characters viz., plant height (157.40 cm), Dry matter production (6003 kg/ha), number of monopodial branches (3.28/plant), growth analysis like Leaf area index (4.30), Crop growth rate (7.01 g/m2/day) and Relative growth rate (0.0144 g/g/day), yield attributes viz., number of sympodial branches (21.77/plant), number of squares (83.77/plant), number of bolls (45.04/plant), boll weight (5.58 g) and seed cotton yield (3185 kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2% urea plus 1% PPFM treatment was statistically on par with 2% MgSO4 plus 1% PPFM.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 2% MgSO4 + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stagese0
- Outcome
- statistically on pare0
- Direction
- on pare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was statistically on par with the foliar application of 2% MgSO4 + 1% PPFM at flowering and boll development stages”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water spray produced the lowest growth, yield attribute, and yield values.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- water spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth characters, yield attributes and yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower values of growth characters, yield attributes and yield were recorded under water spray treatment”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
stage · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →inoculation · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →stage · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →inoculation · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →application · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
95 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
111 papers more in this group
See all 115 papers →nitrogen · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
128 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
149 papers more in this group
See all 153 papers →application · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
252 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
279 papers more in this group
See all 283 papers →nitrogen · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
285 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
339 papers more in this group
See all 343 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.