Abstract
Abstract Earliness of maturity is essential for adaptation of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) to regions with short growing seasons, and it may be influenced by potassium nutrition. Our objectives were to determine effects of K fertilization on interception of photosynthetically active radiation and earliness, and to describe the relationship between earliness and light interception at different in‐canopy heights. Research was conducted with no tillage on a Memphis silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalf) with low extractable K. Using a split‐plot randomized complete block design, 0 and 112 kg K ha −1 were soil‐applied before planting each year as mainplot treatments, and 0 and 4.1 kg K ha −1 were foliar applied four times per season as subplot treatments. Canopy interception of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was measured at 23‐cm vertical increments in 1993 and 1994. Plots were spindle‐picked twice each year. Earliness was measured as the percent of total yield picked at first harvest. Relative to no fertilizer K, soil‐applied K increased canopy PPFD interception at all heights measured. Neither soil‐applied nor foliar K affected earliness in 1993, a drought year, but soil‐applied K decreased percent first harvest from 78 to 65% in 1994. Foliar K did not affect canopy light interception in 1993, and it increased interception in 1994 only with no soil‐applied K. At 111 d after planting, percent first harvest was negatively correlated with PPFD interception at all measured heights in the canopy, suggesting that higher K fertility delayed maturity as it increased upper‐canopy light interception. In short‐season environments, optimum K fertilization needs to be accompanied by cultivar selection and management that promote earliness of maturity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied potassium increased canopy light interception at all measured heights.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- soil‐applied Ke0
- Outcome
- canopy PPFD interceptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all heights measurede0
- Comparator
- no fertilizer Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to no fertilizer K, soil‐applied K increased canopy PPFD interception at all heights measured.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied potassium did not affect earliness in drought-year 1993.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soil‐applied Ke1
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- 1993, a drought yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither soil‐applied nor foliar K affected earliness in 1993, a drought year”
t0“Cotton”
e1“Relative to no fertilizer K, soil‐applied K increased canopy PPFD interception at all heights measured.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium did not affect earliness in drought-year 1993.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Ke0
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- 1993, a drought yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither soil‐applied nor foliar K affected earliness in 1993, a drought year”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil potassium reduced the 1994 first-harvest percentage from 78 to 65%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soil‐applied Ke0
- Outcome
- percent first harveste0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Qualifier
- from 78 to 65% in 1994e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil‐applied K decreased percent first harvest from 78 to 65% in 1994”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium did not change canopy interception in 1993.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ke0
- Outcome
- canopy light interceptione0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Qualifier
- in 1993e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar K did not affect canopy light interception in 1993”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar potassium increased canopy interception in 1994 only without soil potassium.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar Ke1
- Outcome
- interceptione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in 1994e0
- Comparator
- no soil‐applied Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it increased interception in 1994 only with no soil‐applied K”
t0“Cotton”
e1“Neither soil‐applied nor foliar K affected earliness in 1993, a drought year”
Claim · model-written summary
First-harvest percentage was negatively correlated with PPFD interception throughout the canopy.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- percent first harveste0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- At 111 d after plantinge0
- Comparator
- PPFD interceptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 111 d after planting, percent first harvest was negatively correlated with PPFD interception at all measured heights in the canopy”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend pairing optimal potassium fertilization with earliness-promoting cultivar choice and management.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- optimum K fertilization needs to be accompanied by cultivar selection and management that promote earliness of maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum K fertilization needs to be accompanied by cultivar selection and management that promote earliness of maturity”
t0“Cotton”
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See all 115 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.