Abstract
Abstract Abiotic stresses such as herbicides can affect plant growth and yield. Using herbicide-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria is a new approach to mitigate these side effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three native plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from the Medicago sativa rhizosphere, including Serratia rubidaea (A) and Pseudomonas putida (B), Serratia sp. (C) plus Synorhizobium meliloti (R) and their combinations (AB, AC, BC, ABC, AR, BR, CR, ABR, ACR, BCR, and ABCR) on microbial population, plant biomass, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, and GPX) activities, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents at the presence and absence of imazethapyr herbicide. The results indicated that herbicide application decreased plant biomass but increased microbial population, antioxidant enzymes activities, and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde of all inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Bacterial inoculation in most cases increased microbial population, plant biomass, and antioxidant activities. These increases were more evident under herbicide application. The highest increase in these attributes was achieved by AB, AR, and ABR inoculums in the presence and absence of the herbicide. The microbial population, plant biomass and antioxidant activities were decreased under BC, CR, BCR, and ABCR inoculations. It can be concluded that in addition to growth promotion, these bacteria increase resistance against herbicide stress by controlling free-radical induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation through antioxidant enzymes. These findings create new visions in biofertilizer preparation for reducing environmental stresses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application decreased Medicago sativa plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- herbicide applicatione1
- Outcome
- plant biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- absence of imazethapyr herbicidee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“herbicide application decreased plant biomass”
e2“at the presence and absence of imazethapyr herbicide”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application increased microbial population and antioxidant enzyme activities in Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione3
- Outcome
- microbial population, antioxidant enzymes activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- absence of imazethapyr herbicidee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increased microbial population, antioxidant enzymes activities”
e2“at the presence and absence of imazethapyr herbicide”
e3“herbicide application decreased plant biomass”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione3
- Outcome
- concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehydee1
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- absence of imazethapyr herbicidee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde of all inoculated and non-inoculated plants”
e2“at the presence and absence of imazethapyr herbicide”
e3“herbicide application decreased plant biomass”
e4“increased microbial population, antioxidant enzymes activities”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation in most cases increased microbial population, plant biomass and antioxidant activities of Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Bacterial inoculatione1
- Outcome
- microbial population, plant biomass, and antioxidant activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in most casese1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial inoculation in most cases increased microbial population, plant biomass, and antioxidant activities”
e2“the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde of all inoculated and non-inoculated plants”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The increases from bacterial inoculation in microbial population, biomass and antioxidant activities were more evident under herbicide application.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione1
- Outcome
- microbial population, plant biomass, and antioxidant activitiese2
- Direction
- more evidente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These increases were more evident under herbicide application”
e2“Bacterial inoculation in most cases increased microbial population, plant biomass, and antioxidant activities”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AB, AR and ABR gave the highest increase in microbial population, biomass and antioxidant activities in Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- AB, AR, and ABR inoculumse1
- Outcome
- increase in these attributese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest increase in these attributes was achieved by AB, AR, and ABR inoculums in the presence and absence of the herbicide”
e2“Serratia rubidaea (A) and Pseudomonas putida (B), Serratia sp. (C) plus Synorhizobium meliloti (R)”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with BC, CR, BCR and ABCR decreased microbial population, plant biomass and antioxidant activities of Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- BC, CR, BCR, and ABCR inoculationse1
- Outcome
- microbial population, plant biomass and antioxidant activitiese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The microbial population, plant biomass and antioxidant activities were decreased under BC, CR, BCR, and ABCR inoculations”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizosphere bacteria are concluded to increase resistance of Medicago sativa against herbicide stress by controlling oxidative stress through antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- resistance against herbicide stresse1
- Qualifier
- controlling free-radical induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation through antioxidant enzymese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“these bacteria increase resistance against herbicide stress by controlling free-radical induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation through antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · soil: biology · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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See all 15 papers →herbicide · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →herbicide · physiology: oxidative · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.