Abstract
Despite the several innovations that have been incorporated in agriculture, the use of herbicides, especially glyphosate (GLY), is still the major tool for weed control. Although this herbicide has a notable worldwide representation, concerns about its environmental safety were recently raised, with a lot of divergence between studies on its non-target toxicity. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the risks of this herbicide to non-target plants, including cover crop species, which have a crucial role in maintaining agroecosystems functions and in preventing soil erosion. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH), particularly focusing on the oxidative metabolism. The growth of roots and shoots was affected, being this effect accompanied by a rise of lipid peroxidation, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress, and by an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system. Indeed, the results showed that adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1, with the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1, showing that GBH-contaminated soils may pose a risk to the survival of non-target plants in the most contaminated areas. Overall, these findings proved that GBH greatly impairs the growth of a non-target plant, strengthening the need of additional studies to unravel the real risks associated with the over usage of this pesticide, since there is an evident lack of studies performed with contaminated soils.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-based herbicide affected Medicago sativa root growth.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- GLY-based herbicide (GBH)e0
- Outcome
- growth of rootse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH)”
e1“The growth of roots and shoots was affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-based herbicide affected Medicago sativa shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae0
- Treatment
- GLY-based herbicide (GBH)e0
- Outcome
- shootse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a cover plant species (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to increasing concentrations of a GLY-based herbicide (GBH)”
e1“The growth of roots and shoots was affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure increased lipid peroxidation in Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae0
- Treatment
- GLY-based herbicide (GBH)e1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- risee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“a GLY-based herbicide (GBH)”
e2“a rise of lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-based herbicide exposure activated the antioxidant system in Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae0
- Treatment
- GLY-based herbicide (GBH)e1
- Outcome
- antioxidant (AOX) systeme2
- Direction
- activatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“a GLY-based herbicide (GBH)”
e2“an activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Adverse effects were visible at a glyphosate active-ingredient concentration of 8.0 mg kg−1.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae0
- Outcome
- adverse effectse1
- Direction
- visiblee1
- Value
- 8.0 mg kg−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“adverse effects are visible at active ingredient concentrations of 8.0 mg kg−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest EC50 was 12 mg kg−1 for the herbicide response of Medicago sativa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativae0
- Outcome
- EC50e1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 12 mg kg−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“the lowest EC50 being 12 mg kg−1”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
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See all 20 papers →herbicide · physiology: oxidative · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.