Abstract
The photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) dramatically increases during the spring when the majority of bedding plants are commercially produced. However, the effects of DLI on seedling growth and development have not been well characterized for most bedding plant species. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of DLI on growth and development of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola during the seedling stage and determine whether there were any residual effects of DLI on subsequent growth and development after transplant. Seedlings were grown in growth chambers for 18 to 26 days at 21 °C with a DLI ranging from 4.1 to 14.2 mol·m –2 ·d –1 . Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia , Impatiens , Tagetes , and Viola , respectively. Seedlings were then transplanted to 10-cm containers and grown in a common environment (average daily temperature of 22 °C and DLI of 8.5 mol·m –2 ·d –1 ) to determine subsequent effects on plant growth and development. Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest. Except for Viola , earlier flowering corresponded with the development of fewer nodes below the first flower. Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering (plant quality parameters) decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes . Therefore, seedlings grown under a greater DLI flowered earlier, but plant quality at first flowering was generally reduced compared with that of seedlings grown under a lower DLI.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Celosia seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased linearly by 64% across the DLI range.
CelosiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia , Impatiens , Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Impatiens seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased linearly by 47% across the DLI range.
ImpatiensNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia , Impatiens , Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased linearly by 64% across the DLI range.
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
TagetesNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia , Impatiens , Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased linearly by 68% across the DLI range.
ViolaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia , Impatiens , Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Celosia flowered 10 days earlier after the highest rather than lowest seedling DLI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Impatiens flowered 12 days earlier after the highest rather than lowest seedling DLI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Salvia flowered 11 days earlier after the highest rather than lowest seedling DLI.
SalviaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes flowered 4 days earlier after the highest rather than lowest seedling DLI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola flowered 12 days earlier after the highest rather than lowest seedling DLI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia , Impatiens , Salvia , Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier flowering corresponded with fewer nodes below the first flower in all studied species except Viola.
- Organ / stage
- first flowere0
- Outcome
- fewer nodes below the first flowere0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- Except for Violae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for Viola , earlier flowering corresponded with the development of fewer nodes below the first flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower bud number at first flowering declined as seedling DLI increased in the studied species.
- Treatment
- seedling DLIe0
- Outcome
- Flower bud numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for flower number of Tagetese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering (plant quality parameters) decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant shoot dry weight at first flowering declined as seedling DLI increased in all studied species.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering (plant quality parameters) decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes flower number did not decrease with increasing seedling DLI.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · CelosiaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · ViolaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
light · growth · ViolaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · Salvia (sages)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · CelosiaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · ImpatiensResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · Tagetes (marigolds)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →light · growth · Tagetes (marigolds)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.