Abstract
The photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) dramatically increases during the spring, but effects of DLI on seedling growth and development have not been characterized for many species. We quantified the effects of DLI on growth and development of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola during the seedling stage and determined whether there were any residual effects of DLI on subsequent growth and development after transplant. Seedlings were grown in growth chambers for 18–26 days at 21 °C with a DLI ranging from 4.1–14.2 mol·mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia, Impatiens, Tagetes , and Viola , respectively. Seedlings were then transplanted to 10-cm containers and grown in a common environment (average daily temperature of 22 °C and DLI of 8.5 mol·m -2 ·d -1 ) to determine subsequent effects on plant growth and development. Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest. Except for Viola , earlier flowering corresponded with the development of fewer nodes below the first flower. Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes . Therefore, seedlings grown under a greater DLI flowered earlier, but plant quality at first flowering was generally reduced compared with that of seedlings grown under a lower DLI.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased in Celosia by 64% across the DLI range.
- Treatment
- DLI rangee0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot dry weight per internodee0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
- Value
- 64%e0
CelosiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia, Impatiens, Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased in Impatiens by 47% across the DLI range.
- Treatment
- DLI rangee0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot dry weight per internodee0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
- Value
- 47%e0
ImpatiensNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia, Impatiens, Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased in Tagetes by 64% across the DLI range.
- Treatment
- DLI rangee0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot dry weight per internodee0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
- Value
- 64%e0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
TagetesNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia, Impatiens, Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling shoot dry weight per internode increased in Viola by 68% across the DLI range.
- Treatment
- DLI rangee0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot dry weight per internodee0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
- Value
- 68%e0
ViolaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average seedling shoot dry weight per internode (a measure of quality) increased linearly 64%, 47%, 64%, and 68% within this DLI range in Celosia, Impatiens, Tagetes , and Viola , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering in Celosia occurred 10 days earlier after the highest seedling DLI versus the lowest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering in Impatiens occurred 12 days earlier after the highest seedling DLI versus the lowest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering in Salvia occurred 11 days earlier after the highest seedling DLI versus the lowest.
SalviaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering in Tagetes occurred 4 days earlier after the highest seedling DLI versus the lowest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering in Viola occurred 12 days earlier after the highest seedling DLI versus the lowest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes , and Viola occurred 10, 12, 11, 4, and 12 days earlier, respectively, when seedlings were previously grown under the highest DLI compared with the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier flowering corresponded to fewer nodes below the first flower except in Viola.
- Organ / stage
- first flowere0
- Outcome
- nodes below the first flowere0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- Except for Violae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for Viola , earlier flowering corresponded with the development of fewer nodes below the first flower”
t0“Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes, and Viola”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower bud number at first flowering declined with higher seedling DLI except in Tagetes.
- Treatment
- seedling DLIe0
- Outcome
- Flower bud numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for flower number of Tagetese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes”
t0“Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes, and Viola”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight at first flowering declined as seedling DLI increased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud number and plant shoot dry weight at first flowering decreased as the seedling DLI increased in all species except for flower number of Tagetes”
t0“Celosia, Impatiens, Salvia, Tagetes, and Viola”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · CelosiaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
light · phenology · ViolaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
light · growth · ViolaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · Salvia (sages)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · CelosiaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · ImpatiensResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
light · phenology · Tagetes (marigolds)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →light · growth · Tagetes (marigolds)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.