Abstract
In order to evaluate the dodder (Cuscuta campestris) control methods in tomato an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and four replications (in box) at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2016. The dodder control treatments were including application of glyphosate with 100 g ai.ha-1 (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage of tomato), application of glyphosate with 150 g ai.ha-1 (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage), application of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) water extract at ratio of 1:10 (m/v) (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage), application of vinegar at ratio of 1:10 (m/v) (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage application of auxin at concentration of 0.1% (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage) and dodder-free treatment. Results indicated that dodder biomass, seed number and seed weight per box and tomato fruit yield were affected by dodder management treatments. Application of Bermuda grass water extract at 3-4-leaf stage had the highest dodder biomass (29.3 g per box) and application of glyphosate at 100 and 150 g ai.ha-1 had the lowest dodder biomass (7.9 and 10.1 g per box, respectively). The greatest dodder seed number per plant were observed in vinegar, Bermuda grass water extract and auxin application treatments and the glyphosate application treatments had the lower dodder seed number per box. The highest tomato fruit yield (110.8 g.plant-1) was obtained in auxin application at 5-6-leaf stage that was not significantly different with vinegar and glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 applications in this stage. Generally application of auxin and vinegar could be recommended to the growers as alternative of glyphosate for dodder management in organic production of tomato.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bermuda grass water extract at the 3-4-leaf stage produced the highest dodder biomass, 29.3 g per box.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Bermuda grass water extract at 3-4-leaf stagee0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 29.3 g per boxe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Bermuda grass water extract at 3-4-leaf stage had the highest dodder biomass (29.3 g per box)”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 gave the lowest dodder biomass, 7.9 g per box.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 100e0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 7.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of glyphosate at 100 and 150 g ai.ha-1 had the lowest dodder biomass (7.9 and 10.1 g per box, respectively)”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 150 g ai.ha-1 gave the lowest dodder biomass, 10.1 g per box.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 100 and 150 g ai.ha-1e0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder biomasse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 10.1 g per boxe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of glyphosate at 100 and 150 g ai.ha-1 had the lowest dodder biomass (7.9 and 10.1 g per box, respectively)”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinegar treatment produced among the greatest dodder seed numbers per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- vinegare0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder seed number per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest dodder seed number per plant were observed in vinegar, Bermuda grass water extract and auxin application treatments”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermuda grass water extract produced among the greatest dodder seed numbers per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bermuda grass water extracte0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder seed number per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest dodder seed number per plant were observed in vinegar, Bermuda grass water extract and auxin application treatments”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin treatment produced among the greatest dodder seed numbers per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- auxin applicatione0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder seed number per plante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest dodder seed number per plant were observed in vinegar, Bermuda grass water extract and auxin application treatments”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate treatments produced lower dodder seed number per box.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate application treatmentse0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- dodder seed number per boxe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the glyphosate application treatments had the lower dodder seed number per box”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin at the 5-6-leaf stage produced the highest tomato fruit yield, 110.8 g.plant-1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- auxin application at 5-6-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- tomato fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 110.8 g.plant-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest tomato fruit yield (110.8 g.plant-1) was obtained in auxin application at 5-6-leaf stage”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The auxin yield at the 5-6-leaf stage did not differ significantly from vinegar treatment at that stage.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- auxin application at 5-6-leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- not significantly differente0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- vinegare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was not significantly different with vinegar and glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 applications in this stage”
e1“auxin application at 5-6-leaf stage”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The auxin yield at the 5-6-leaf stage did not differ significantly from glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 at that stage.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- auxin application at 5-6-leaf stagee1
- Outcome
- not significantly differente0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was not significantly different with vinegar and glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 applications in this stage”
e1“auxin application at 5-6-leaf stage”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend auxin as an alternative to glyphosate for dodder management in organic tomato production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- application of auxine0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of auxin and vinegar could be recommended to the growers as alternative of glyphosate for dodder management in organic production of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend vinegar as an alternative to glyphosate for dodder management in organic tomato production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- doddere0weed
- Outcome
- vinegare0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of auxin and vinegar could be recommended to the growers as alternative of glyphosate for dodder management in organic production of tomato”
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