Abstract
Symbiotic association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species and host plant roots improves plant growth and protects them from several abiotic stress factors. In the present study, the effect of Glomus mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum as an individual inoculation and in combination was studied on two legumes (Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under soil salinity stress gradient [1.04 (control) to 8.26 dS/m]. Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungi alleviated adverse salt effect, with improvement in plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameters. However, these two isolates worked better in combination with respect to higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentration etc. C. tetragonoloba showed better response as compared to G. max in relation to improvement in nutritional profile under salt stress after AM treatment. As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts, co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m) while exposed to different soil salinity levels. Also, co-colonization with both the isolates showed more root colonization (%) and may be responsible for the better effect in salt stress alleviation. Electrolyte leakage of mycorrhizal plants was lowered at soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/m and hence, maintained membrane stability. These two isolates can be utilized as bio-inoculant in alleviation of adverse salt effect in soil in association with the two test legume plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inoculation alleviated salt effects and improved plant dry matter and biochemical traits.
- Taxon
- Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungie0
- Outcome
- plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameterse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungi alleviated adverse salt effect, with improvement in plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameters.”
e1“two legumes (Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation produced greater accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein and proline.
- Taxon
- Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobaGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- these two isolatese0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- in combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two isolates worked better in combination with respect to higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentration etc.”
e1“two legumes (Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. tetragonoloba responded better than G. max in nutritional profile after AM treatment under salt stress.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- AM treatmente0
- Outcome
- nutritional profilee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- G. maxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. tetragonoloba showed better response as compared to G. max in relation to improvement in nutritional profile under salt stress after AM treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased total chlorophyll by 14.83% at 3.78 dS/m in C. tetragonoloba.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 14.83%e0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity of 3.78 dS/me0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal counterpartse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m)”
e1“As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased soluble carbohydrate by 17.26% at 5.94 dS/m.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17.26%e0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity of 5.94 dS/me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased proline by 8.79% at 3.78 dS/m.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-colonization increased root colonization.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae1
- Outcome
- root colonization (%)e0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-colonization with both the isolates showed more root colonization (%)”
e1“in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had lower electrolyte leakage across the tested salinity gradient.
- Taxon
- Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobaGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Outcome
- Electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrolyte leakage of mycorrhizal plants was lowered at soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/m”
e1“two legumes (Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · physiology: pigments · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · quality: sugar starch · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · quality: sugar starch · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: osmolytes · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · physiology: osmolytes · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: pigments · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →mycorrhiza · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.