Abstract
Symbiotic association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species and host plant roots improves plant growth and protects them from several abiotic stress factors. In the present study, the effect of Glomus mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum as an individual inoculation and in combination was studied on two legumes (Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under soil salinity stress gradient [1.04 (control) to 8.26 dS/m]. Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungi alleviated adverse salt effect, with improvement in plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameters. However, these two isolates worked better in combination with respect to higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentration etc. C. tetragonoloba showed better response as compared to G. max in relation to improvement in nutritional profile under salt stress after AM treatment. As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts, co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m) while exposed to different soil salinity levels. Also, co-colonization with both the isolates showed more root colonization (%) and may be responsible for the better effect in salt stress alleviation. Electrolyte leakage of mycorrhizal plants was lowered at soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/m and hence, maintained membrane stability. These two isolates can be utilized as bio-inoculant in alleviation of adverse salt effect in soil in association with the two test legume plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inoculation alleviated salt effects and improved dry matter and biochemical parameters in Glycine max.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameterse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungi alleviated adverse salt effect, with improvement in plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameters.”
t0“Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal inoculation alleviated salt effects and improved dry matter and biochemical parameters in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.
- Taxon
- Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungie0
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameterse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual and co-inoculation of both the AM fungi alleviated adverse salt effect, with improvement in plant dry weight matter and biochemical parameters.”
t0“Glycine max and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined isolates produced higher soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein and proline than individual inoculation.
- Taxon
- two legumest0
- Treatment
- in combinatione0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, these two isolates worked better in combination with respect to higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein, proline concentration etc.”
t0“Two Legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
C. tetragonoloba showed a better nutritional response to AM treatment under salt stress than G. max.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- AM treatmente0
- Outcome
- nutritional profilee0
- Direction
- better responsee0
- Comparator
- G. maxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. tetragonoloba showed better response as compared to G. max in relation to improvement in nutritional profile under salt stress after AM treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation enhanced total chlorophyll by 14.83% in C. tetragonoloba at 3.78 dS/m salinity.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 14.83%e0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity of 3.78 dS/me0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts, co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m) while exposed to different soil salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation enhanced soluble carbohydrate by 17.26% in C. tetragonoloba at 5.94 dS/m salinity.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 17.26%e0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity of 5.94 dS/me0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts, co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m) while exposed to different soil salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation enhanced proline by 8.79% in C. tetragonoloba at 3.78 dS/m salinity.
- Taxon
- C. tetragonolobaCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatume0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.79%e0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity of 3.78 dS/me0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to non-mycorrhizal counterparts, co-inoculation with G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum in C. tetragonoloba enhanced total chlorophyll (14.83% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m), soluble carbohydrate (17.26% at soil salinity of 5.94 dS/m), proline (8.79% at soil salinity of 3.78 dS/m) while exposed to different soil salinity levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-colonization produced more root colonization.
Verbatim
e0“co-colonization with both the isolates showed more root colonization (%) and may be responsible for the better effect in salt stress alleviation.”
t0“Two Legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had lower electrolyte leakage across the stated salinity range.
- Taxon
- two legumest0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale0
- Outcome
- Electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/me0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Electrolyte leakage of mycorrhizal plants was lowered at soil salinity gradient of 2.10 to 8.26 dS/m and hence, maintained membrane stability.”
t0“Two Legumes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using the isolates as bio-inoculants against salinity effects.
Verbatim
e0“These two isolates can be utilized as bio-inoculant in alleviation of adverse salt effect in soil in association with the two test legume plants.”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · physiology: pigments · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · quality: sugar starch · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · quality: sugar starch · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: osmolytes · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Rhizophagus fasciculatus · physiology: osmolytes · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: pigments · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · Glomeromycota · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · Glomeromycota · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.