Abstract
Abstract The alleviation of manganese (Mn) toxicity by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soybean exposed to excessive Mn was evaluated at two points of plant development (45 and 90 days). In order to eliminate the dilution effect that is usually observed in mycorrhizal plants due to better phosphorus (P) nutrition, an additional nonmycorrhizal control that received extra P was included. At 45 days, mycorrhiza increased Mn toxicity symptoms and usually decreased plant growth. At 90 days, mycorrhizal plants reverted this situation and had Mn toxicity alleviation, even when comparing to the control plants that received extra P, in spite of their similar biomasses. Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn and higher P concentrations in shoots and roots, a condition that contributed to the Mn toxicity alleviation. Stimulation of Mn oxidizing bacteria and suppression of Mn reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal soybean plants may have contributed to the lower Mn concentration in these plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
At 45 days, mycorrhiza increased manganese toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- 45 dayse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae0
- Outcome
- Mn toxicity symptomse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“At 45 days, mycorrhiza increased Mn toxicity symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
At 45 days, mycorrhiza usually decreased plant growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 45 dayse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“At 45 days, mycorrhiza increased Mn toxicity symptoms and usually decreased plant growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90 days, mycorrhizal plants had manganese toxicity alleviation even against extra phosphorus controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 90 dayse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- Mn toxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatione0
- Comparator
- control plants that received extra Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“At 90 days, mycorrhizal plants reverted this situation and had Mn toxicity alleviation, even when comparing to the control plants that received extra P”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal and extra phosphorus control plants had similar biomass at 90 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- similar biomassese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control plants that received extra Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“control plants that received extra P, in spite of their similar biomasses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had lower manganese concentrations in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- lower Mne0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn and higher P concentrations in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants had higher phosphorus concentrations in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- P concentrations in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn and higher P concentrations in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower manganese and higher phosphorus concentrations contributed to alleviation of manganese toxicity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Mn toxicity alleviatione0
- Qualifier
- lower Mn and higher P concentrations in shoots and rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“Mycorrhizal plants had lower Mn and higher P concentrations in shoots and roots, a condition that contributed to the Mn toxicity alleviation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stimulation of manganese oxidizing bacteria may have contributed to lower manganese in mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Mn oxidizing bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- lower Mn concentration in these plantse0
- Qualifier
- Stimulation of Mn oxidizing bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“Stimulation of Mn oxidizing bacteria and suppression of Mn reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal soybean plants may have contributed to the lower Mn concentration in these plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of manganese reducing bacteria may have contributed to lower manganese in mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Mn reducing bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- lower Mn concentration in these plantse0
- Qualifier
- suppression of Mn reducing bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean exposed to excessive Mn”
e0“Stimulation of Mn oxidizing bacteria and suppression of Mn reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal soybean plants may have contributed to the lower Mn concentration in these plants.”
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See all 87 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.