Abstract
To study the mechanism of Cu toxicity on wheat, the characteristics of Cu stress in pivotal growth periods of wheat were explored by field planting methods. The results showed that at the tillering stage, the concentrations of Cu in the leaf cell fluid were significantly higher than those in the cell wall, and the Cu was primarily enriched in cell fluid. At the jointing and heading stages, the Cu concentration in the leaf cell wall was significantly higher than that in the cell fluid, and the main enrichment was transferred to the cell wall. During the above three growth stages, no Cu was discovered in leaf organelles. Further studies showed that the total soluble protein content in wheat leaves at the tillering and jointing stages showed a trend of first rising and then falling with increased Cu dosage. At the heading stage, under low and medium Cu stress, the total soluble protein content showed no remarkable change. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the tillering stage increased with the increase of Cu concentration in the soil, while MDA content did not change noticeably at the jointing and heading stages. At the tillering and heading stages, the low concentrations of Cu increased peroxidase (POD) activity. The POD activity decreased gradually with the increased Cu concentration. However, at the high concentrations of Cu, there was no significant difference in the activity of POD. At the jointing stage, the POD activity did not change significantly under the low Cu stress while it was evidently inhibited under high Cu stress. Based on the above studies, further analyses on the correlation between canopy spectral characteristics and the Cu accumulation at different growth stages of leaf cells were performed, and a new combined index SIPI/NDVI705 performed well in Cu content prediction. The results showed that at different growth stages, different sensitive spectral characteristic parameters should be used to predict the Cu content in leaf cells. Keywords: Cu stress, physiology, biochemistry, heavy metal pollution, growth stage, wheat, spectrum characteristic parameter DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4403 Citation: Su Z L, Wang G D, Xu L Q, Zhang J H, Liu X Y. Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 147–153.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At tillering, wheat leaf cell fluid had significantly more Cu than the cell wall.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- leaf cell fluide0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cu in the leaf cell fluide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cell walle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the tillering stage, the concentrations of Cu in the leaf cell fluid were significantly higher than those in the cell wall”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At jointing and heading, wheat leaf cell walls had significantly more Cu than cell fluid.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf cell walle0
- Outcome
- Cu concentration in the leaf cell walle0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cell fluide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the jointing and heading stages, the Cu concentration in the leaf cell wall was significantly higher than that in the cell fluid”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu was not detected in wheat leaf organelles at the three growth stages.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf organellese0
- Outcome
- no Cu was discovered in leaf organellese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the above three growth stages, no Cu was discovered in leaf organelles.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing Cu dosage, wheat leaf soluble protein at tillering and jointing first rose and then fell.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased Cu dosagee0
- Outcome
- total soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- first rising and then fallinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total soluble protein content in wheat leaves at the tillering and jointing stages showed a trend of first rising and then falling with increased Cu dosage.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At heading, low and medium Cu stress caused no remarkable change in wheat soluble protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low and medium Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- total soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- no remarkable changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the heading stage, under low and medium Cu stress, the total soluble protein content showed no remarkable change.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At tillering, wheat leaf MDA content increased with soil Cu concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu concentration in the soile0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the tillering stage increased with the increase of Cu concentration in the soil”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At jointing and heading, wheat leaf MDA content did not noticeably change.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- jointing and heading stagese0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- did not change noticeablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content did not change noticeably at the jointing and heading stages.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Low Cu concentrations increased wheat POD activity at tillering and heading.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of Cue0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the tillering and heading stages, the low concentrations of Cu increased peroxidase (POD) activity.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat POD activity gradually decreased as Cu concentration increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased Cu concentratione0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The POD activity decreased gradually with the increased Cu concentration.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At high Cu concentrations, wheat POD activity did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Cue0
- Outcome
- activity of PODe0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the high concentrations of Cu, there was no significant difference in the activity of POD.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At jointing, low Cu stress did not significantly change wheat POD activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- POD activitye0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the jointing stage, the POD activity did not change significantly under the low Cu stress”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
At jointing, high Cu stress inhibited wheat POD activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- it was evidently inhibitede0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was evidently inhibited under high Cu stress.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined spectral index SIPI/NDVI705 performed well in predicting wheat leaf Cu content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Cu content predictione0
- Qualifier
- SIPI/NDVI705 performed welle0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a new combined index SIPI/NDVI705 performed well in Cu content prediction.”
t0“Effects of Cu stress on physiological, biochemical, and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages”
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