Abstract
An extensive use of chemical fertilizers has posed a serious impact on food and environmental quality and sustainability. As the organic and biofertilizers can satisfactorily fulfill the crop’s nutritional requirement, the plants require less chemical fertilizer application; hence, the food is low in chemical residues and environment is less polluted. The agriculture crop residues, being a rich source of nutrients, can be used to feed the soil and crops after composting and is a practicable approach to sustainable waste management and organic agriculture instead of open-field burning of crop residues. This study demonstrates a feasible strategy to convert the wheat and rice plant residues into composted organic fertilizer and subsequent enrichment with plant-beneficial bacteria. The bioactive compost was then tested in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments for validating its role in growing organic vegetables. The compost was enriched with a blend of micronutrients, such as zinc, magnesium, and iron, and a multi-trait bacterial consortium AAP ( Azospirillum , Arthrobacter , and Pseudomonas spp.). The bacterial consortium AAP showed survival up to 180 days post-inoculation while maintaining their PGP traits. Field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bioactive compost further elaborated the morphology and confirmed the PGPR survival and distribution. Plant inoculation of this bioactive compost showed significant improvement in the growth and yield of chilies and tomato without any additional chemical fertilizer yielding a high value to cost ratio. An increase of ≈35% in chlorophyll contents, ≈25% in biomass, and ≈75% in yield was observed in chilies and tomatoes. The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively. The application of bioactive compost significantly stimulated the bacterial population as well as the phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of soil. These results suggest that bioactive compost can serve as a source of bioorganic fertilizer to get maximum benefits regarding vegetable yield, soil quality, and fertilizer saving with the anticipated application for other food crops. It is a possible win-win situation for environmental sustainability and food security.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial consortium survived up to 180 days while retaining PGP traits.
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bacterial consortium AAP showed survival up to 180 days post-inoculation while maintaining their PGP traits”
t0“Chili Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost analysis confirmed PGPR survival and distribution.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“confirmed the PGPR survival and distribution”
t0“Chili Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioactive compost significantly improved chili growth and yield.
- Taxon
- chiliese0
- Treatment
- bioactive composte0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Qualifier
- without any additional chemical fertilizere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plant inoculation of this bioactive compost showed significant improvement in the growth and yield of chilies and tomato without any additional chemical fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioactive compost significantly improved tomato growth and yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- bioactive composte0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant inoculation of this bioactive compost showed significant improvement in the growth and yield of chilies and tomato without any additional chemical fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content rose about 35% in chilies and tomatoes.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of ≈35% in chlorophyll contents, ≈25% in biomass, and ≈75% in yield was observed in chilies and tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass rose about 25% in chilies and tomatoes.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of ≈35% in chlorophyll contents, ≈25% in biomass, and ≈75% in yield was observed in chilies and tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield rose about 75% in chilies and tomatoes.
Verbatim
e0“An increase of ≈35% in chlorophyll contents, ≈25% in biomass, and ≈75% in yield was observed in chilies and tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Chili N content increased by 18.7%.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato N content increased by 25%.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chili P content increased by 18.5%.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato P content increased by 19%.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- P contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in N was 18.7 and 25%, while in P contents were 18.5 and 19% in chilies and tomatoes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost stimulated soil bacterial population and enzyme activities.
- Treatment
- bioactive composte0
- Outcome
- bacterial population as well as the phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of soile0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bioactive compost significantly stimulated the bacterial population as well as the phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of soil”
t0“Chili Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose bioactive compost as a bioorganic fertilizer for yield, soil and fertilizer saving.
- Outcome
- bioactive compost can serve as a source of bioorganic fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioactive compost can serve as a source of bioorganic fertilizer to get maximum benefits regarding vegetable yield, soil quality, and fertilizer saving”
t0“Chili Pepper”
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