Abstract
Calvin cycle is a sequence of enzymatic reactions that assimilate atmospheric CO 2 in photosynthesis. Multiple components are known to participate in the induction or suppression of the Calvin cycle but the mechanism of its regulation by phytohormones is still unclear. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid phytohormones that promote photosynthesis and crop yields. In this study, we study the role of BRs in regulating Calvin cycle genes to further understand the regulation of the Calvin cycle by phytohormones in tomatoes. BRs and their signal effector BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) can enhance the Calvin cycle activity and improve the photosynthetic ability. BRs increased the accumulation of dephosphorylated form of BZR1 by 94% and induced an 88–126% increase in the transcription of key genes in Calvin cycle FBA1, RCA1, FBP5 , and PGK1 . BZR1 activated the transcription of these Calvin cycle genes by directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, silencing these Calvin cycle genes impaired 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced enhancement of photosynthetic rate, the quantum efficiency of PSII, and V c,max and J max . Taken together, these results strongly suggest that BRs regulate the Calvin cycle in a BZR1-dependent manner in tomatoes. BRs that mediate coordinated regulation of photosynthetic genes are potential targets for increasing crop yields.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
BRs and BZR1 enhanced Calvin cycle activity and photosynthetic ability.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- BRse0
- Gene
- BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1)e0
- Outcome
- Calvin cycle activity and improve the photosynthetic abilitye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs and their signal effector BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) can enhance the Calvin cycle activity and improve the photosynthetic ability.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs increased dephosphorylated BZR1 accumulation by 94%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Gene
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of dephosphorylated form of BZR1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs increased the accumulation of dephosphorylated form of BZR1 by 94%”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs induced an 88–126% transcription increase in FBA1, RCA1, FBP5, and PGK1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BRse1
- Outcome
- transcription of key genes in Calvin cycle FBA1, RCA1, FBP5 , and PGK1e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 88–126%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced an 88–126% increase in the transcription of key genes in Calvin cycle FBA1, RCA1, FBP5 , and PGK1”
e1“BRs increased the accumulation”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR1 directly bound Calvin cycle gene promoters and activated transcription.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- transcription of these Calvin cycle genese0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Qualifier
- directly binding to their promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BZR1 activated the transcription of these Calvin cycle genes by directly binding to their promoters.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Calvin cycle genes impaired EBR-induced photosynthetic rate, PSII efficiency, V c,max, and J max enhancements.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- silencing these Calvin cycle genese0
- Outcome
- 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced enhancement of photosynthetic rate, the quantum efficiency of PSII, and V c,max and J maxe0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing these Calvin cycle genes impaired 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced enhancement of photosynthetic rate, the quantum efficiency of PSII, and V c,max and J max”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that BRs regulate the Calvin cycle through BZR1.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- Calvin cyclee0
- Qualifier
- BZR1-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs regulate the Calvin cycle in a BZR1-dependent manner in tomatoes.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.