Abstract
Deficiency of Zn in human diet is an emerging health issue in many developing countries across the globe. Agronomic Zn biofortification using diverse Zn fertilization options is being advised for enhancing Zn concentration in the edible portion of rice.A field study was carried out to find out the Zn fertilization effects on biofortification of basmati rice and nutrient use efficiencies in the Himalayan foothills region. Amongst the Zn nutrition treatments, 4.0% Zn-coated urea (ZnCU) + 0.2% Zn foliar spray (FS) using ZnSO4·7H2O recorded the highest grain (3.46 t/ha) and straw (7.93 t/ha) yield of basmati rice. On average, the rice productivity increase due to ZnCU application was ~25.4% over Commercial Urea. Likewise, the same Zn fertilization treatment also resulted in the maximum Zn (35.93 and 81.64 mg/kg) and N (1.19 and 0.45%) concentration in grain and straw of rice, respectively. Moreover, N use efficiency (NUE) was also highest when ZnCU was applied at 4.0% (ZnSO4·7H2O) in comparison to soil application. From the grain quality viewpoint, Zn ferti-fortification had significant effect on elongation ratio and protein concentration of grain only and respective Zn fertilization treatment recorded highest quality parameters 1.90 and 7.44%, respectively. Therefore, ZnCU would be an important low-cost and useful strategy for enhancing yield, NUE and biofortification, and also in minimizing the Zn malnutrition related challenges in human diet in many developing economies.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc-coated urea and foliar spray gave the highest rice grain yield of 3.46 t/ha.
Verbatim
e0“Amongst the Zn nutrition treatments, 4.0% Zn-coated urea (ZnCU) + 0.2% Zn foliar spray (FS) using ZnSO4·7H2O recorded the highest grain (3.46 t/ha) and straw (7.93 t/ha) yield of basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc-coated urea and foliar spray gave the highest rice straw yield of 7.93 t/ha.
Verbatim
e0“Amongst the Zn nutrition treatments, 4.0% Zn-coated urea (ZnCU) + 0.2% Zn foliar spray (FS) using ZnSO4·7H2O recorded the highest grain (3.46 t/ha) and straw (7.93 t/ha) yield of basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-coated urea increased rice productivity by about 25.4% over commercial urea.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- ZnCU applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- ~25.4%e0
- Comparator
- Commercial Ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, the rice productivity increase due to ZnCU application was ~25.4% over Commercial Urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced maximum grain zinc concentration of 35.93 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 35.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, the same Zn fertilization treatment also resulted in the maximum Zn (35.93 and 81.64 mg/kg) and N (1.19 and 0.45%) concentration in grain and straw of rice, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced maximum straw zinc concentration of 81.64 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 81.64 mg/kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, the same Zn fertilization treatment also resulted in the maximum Zn (35.93 and 81.64 mg/kg) and N (1.19 and 0.45%) concentration in grain and straw of rice, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced maximum grain nitrogen concentration of 1.19%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, the same Zn fertilization treatment also resulted in the maximum Zn (35.93 and 81.64 mg/kg) and N (1.19 and 0.45%) concentration in grain and straw of rice, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment produced maximum straw nitrogen concentration of 0.45%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilization treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, the same Zn fertilization treatment also resulted in the maximum Zn (35.93 and 81.64 mg/kg) and N (1.19 and 0.45%) concentration in grain and straw of rice, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-percent zinc-coated urea gave the highest nitrogen use efficiency versus soil application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ZnCU was applied at 4.0% (ZnSO4·7H2O)e0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- soil applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, N use efficiency (NUE) was also highest when ZnCU was applied at 4.0% (ZnSO4·7H2O) in comparison to soil application.”
t0“Basmati Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fortification significantly affected grain elongation ratio, with the respective treatment reaching 1.90.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Zn ferti-fortificatione0
- Outcome
- elongation ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.90e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the grain quality viewpoint, Zn ferti-fortification had significant effect on elongation ratio and protein concentration of grain only and respective Zn fertilization treatment recorded highest quality parameters 1.90 and 7.44%, respectively.”
t0“Basmati Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fortification significantly affected grain protein concentration, with the respective treatment reaching 7.44%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Zn ferti-fortificatione0
- Outcome
- protein concentration of graine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From the grain quality viewpoint, Zn ferti-fortification had significant effect on elongation ratio and protein concentration of grain only and respective Zn fertilization treatment recorded highest quality parameters 1.90 and 7.44%, respectively.”
t0“Basmati Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend zinc-coated urea to improve yield, nitrogen use efficiency and biofortification.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- enhancing yield, NUE and biofortificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, ZnCU would be an important low-cost and useful strategy for enhancing yield, NUE and biofortification”
t0“Basmati Rice”
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