Abstract
Biocontrol agents applied after fumigation play an important role to the soil microenvironment. We studied the effect of Trichoderma applied after dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) plus chloropicrin (PIC) fumigation on the cucumber growth, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, taxonomic diversity, and yield through laboratory and field experiments. The results confirmed that Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, cucumber growth, soil-borne pathogens, and soil enzyme activity. Genetic analysis indicated that Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Humicola and Chaetomium, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of the pathogens Fusarium spp. and Gibberella spp., which may help to control pathogens and enhanced the ecological functions of the soil. Moreover, Trichoderma applied after fumigation obviously improved cucumber yield (up to 35.6%), and increased relative efficacy of soil-borne pathogens (up to 99%) and root-knot nematodes (up to 96%). Especially, we found that Trichoderma applied after fumigation increased the relative abundance of some beneficial microorganisms (such as Sodiomyces and Rhizophlyctis) that can optimize soil microbiome. It is worth noting that with the decline in the impact of the fumigant, these beneficial microorganisms still maintain a higher abundance when the cucumber plants were uprooted. Importantly, we found one tested biocontrol agent Trichoderma 267 identified and stored in our laboratory not only improved cucumber growth, reduced soil-borne diseases in late cucumber growth stages but also optimized micro-ecological environment which may have good application prospect and help to keep environmental healthy and sustainable development.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- soil physicochemical propertiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, cucumber growth, soil-borne pathogens, and soil enzyme activity”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly improved cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cucumber growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, cucumber growth, soil-borne pathogens, and soil enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly improved the soil-borne pathogen outcome.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- soil-borne pathogense0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, cucumber growth, soil-borne pathogens, and soil enzyme activity”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly improved soil enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, cucumber growth, soil-borne pathogens, and soil enzyme activity”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly increased relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Humicola and Chaetomium.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Humicola and Chaetomiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Humicola and Chaetomium”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation significantly decreased relative abundance of Fusarium spp. and Gibberella spp.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative abundance of the pathogens Fusarium spp. and Gibberella spp.e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Humicola and Chaetomium, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of the pathogens Fusarium spp. and Gibberella spp.”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation improved cucumber yield by up to 35.6%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cucumber yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- up to 35.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation obviously improved cucumber yield (up to 35.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation increased relative efficacy against soil-borne pathogens up to 99%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative efficacy of soil-borne pathogense0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation obviously improved cucumber yield (up to 35.6%), and increased relative efficacy of soil-borne pathogens (up to 99%)”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation increased relative efficacy against root-knot nematodes up to 96%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodes
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pathogen - Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative efficacy of soil-borne pathogens (up to 99%) and root-knot nematodese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation obviously improved cucumber yield (up to 35.6%), and increased relative efficacy of soil-borne pathogens (up to 99%) and root-knot nematodes (up to 96%)”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma after fumigation increased relative abundance of Sodiomyces and Rhizophlyctis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma applied after fumigatione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative abundance of some beneficial microorganisms (such as Sodiomyces and Rhizophlyctis)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma applied after fumigation increased the relative abundance of some beneficial microorganisms (such as Sodiomyces and Rhizophlyctis)”
t0“cucumber production”
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial microorganisms remained at higher abundance when cucumber plants were uprooted.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- plantse0
- Outcome
- beneficial microorganisms still maintain a higher abundancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- when the cucumber plants were uprootede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these beneficial microorganisms still maintain a higher abundance when the cucumber plants were uprooted”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma 267 improved cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma 267e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma 267e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cucumber growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma 267 identified and stored in our laboratory not only improved cucumber growth, reduced soil-borne diseases in late cucumber growth stages but also optimized micro-ecological environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma 267 reduced soil-borne diseases in late cucumber growth stages.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- late cucumber growth stagese0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma 267e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma 267e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- soil-borne diseasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma 267 identified and stored in our laboratory not only improved cucumber growth, reduced soil-borne diseases in late cucumber growth stages but also optimized micro-ecological environment”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma 267 optimized the micro-ecological environment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma 267e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma 267e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- micro-ecological environmente0
- Direction
- optimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma 267 identified and stored in our laboratory not only improved cucumber growth, reduced soil-borne diseases in late cucumber growth stages but also optimized micro-ecological environment”
t0“cucumber production”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Trichoderma · Meloidogyne · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Trichoderma · control · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →Trichoderma · Fusarium · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 9 papers →solarization · pest · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.