Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are versatile opportunistic plant symbionts which can colonize the apoplast of plant roots. Microarrays analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots inoculated with Trichoderma asperelloides T203, coupled with qPCR analysis of 137 stress responsive genes and transcription factors, revealed wide gene transcript reprogramming, proceeded by a transient repression of the plant immune responses supposedly to allow root colonization. Enhancement in the expression of WRKY18 and WRKY40, which stimulate JA-signaling via suppression of JAZ repressors and negatively regulate the expression of the defense genes FMO1, PAD3 and CYP71A13, was detected in Arabidopsis roots upon Trichoderma colonization. Reduced root colonization was observed in the wrky18/wrky40 double mutant line, while partial phenotypic complementation was achieved by over-expressing WRKY40 in the wrky18 wrky40 background. On the other hand increased colonization rate was found in roots of the FMO1 knockout mutant. Trichoderma spp. stimulate plant growth and resistance to a wide range of adverse environmental conditions. Arabidopsis and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants treated with Trichoderma prior to salt stress imposition show significantly improved seed germination. In addition, Trichoderma treatment affects the expression of several genes related to osmo-protection and general oxidative stress in roots of both plants. The MDAR gene coding for monodehydroascorbate reductase is significantly up-regulated and, accordingly, the pool of reduced ascorbic acid was found to be increased in Trichoderma treated plants. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase silenced Trichoderma mutants were less effective in providing tolerance to salt stress, suggesting that Trichoderma, similarly to ACC deaminase producing bacteria, can ameliorate plant growth under conditions of abiotic stress, by lowering ameliorating increases in ethylene levels as well as promoting an elevated antioxidative capacity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma inoculation reprogrammed Arabidopsis root transcripts.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- inoculated with Trichoderma asperelloides T203e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma asperelloides T203Trichoderma asperelloidese0symbiont
- Outcome
- wide gene transcript reprogramminge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microarrays analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana roots inoculated with Trichoderma asperelloides T203, coupled with qPCR analysis of 137 stress responsive genes and transcription factors, revealed wide gene transcript reprogramming”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant immune responses were transiently repressed before colonization.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“proceeded by a transient repression of the plant immune responses supposedly to allow root colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY18 and WRKY40 expression increased upon Trichoderma colonization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma colonizatione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0symbiont - Gene
- WRKY18 and WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- expression of WRKY18 and WRKY40e0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement in the expression of WRKY18 and WRKY40, which stimulate JA-signaling via suppression of JAZ repressors and negatively regulate the expression of the defense genes FMO1, PAD3 and CYP71A13, was detected in Arabidopsis roots upon Trichoderma colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
The wrky18/wrky40 double mutant showed reduced root colonization.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Reduced root colonization was observed in the wrky18/wrky40 double mutant line”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing WRKY40 partly complemented the double-mutant phenotype.
- Material
- wrky18 wrky40 backgrounde0
- Treatment
- over-expressing WRKY40e0
- Gene
- WRKY40e0
- Outcome
- phenotypic complementatione0
- Direction
- partiale0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“partial phenotypic complementation was achieved by over-expressing WRKY40 in the wrky18 wrky40 background”
Claim · model-written summary
FMO1 knockout roots had increased colonization.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“increased colonization rate was found in roots of the FMO1 knockout mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma pretreatment improved Arabidopsis seed germination under salt stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- treated with Trichoderma prior to salt stress impositione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants treated with Trichoderma prior to salt stress imposition show significantly improved seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma pretreatment improved cucumber seed germination under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- treated with Trichoderma prior to salt stress impositione0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants treated with Trichoderma prior to salt stress imposition show significantly improved seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatment affected osmoprotection and oxidative-stress gene expression in roots of both plants.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma treatmente0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of several genese0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma treatment affects the expression of several genes related to osmo-protection and general oxidative stress in roots of both plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma treatment upregulated MDAR.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma treatment affects the expression of several genes related to osmo-protection and general oxidative stress in roots of both plants. The MDAR gene coding for monodehydroascorbate reductase is significantly up-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced ascorbic acid pools increased in treated plants.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the pool of reduced ascorbic acid was found to be increased in Trichoderma treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC-deaminase-silenced Trichoderma mutants provided less salt tolerance.
- Treatment
- ACC)-deaminase silenced Trichoderma mutantse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma mutantse0symbiont
- Outcome
- tolerance to salt stresse0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase silenced Trichoderma mutants were less effective in providing tolerance to salt stress”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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- negative
- positive
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Trichoderma · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.