Abstract
Abstract The role of weed suppression by the cultivated crop is often overlooked in annual row cropping systems. Agronomic practices such as planting time, row spacing, tillage and herbicide selection may influence the time of crop canopy closure. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the aforementioned agronomic practices and their interaction with the adoption of an effective preemergence (PRE) soil residual herbicide program on soybean canopy closure and yield. A field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Arlington, WI, as a 2×2×2×2 factorial in a randomized complete block design, including early (late April) and standard (late May) planting time, narrow (38 cm) and wide (76 cm) row spacing, conventional tillage and no-till, and soil-applied PRE herbicide (yes and no; flumioxazin 150 g ai ha −1 + metribuzin 449 g ai ha −1 + pyroxasulfone 190 g ai ha −1 ). All plots were maintained weed-free throughout the growing season. In both years, early planted soybeans reached 90% green canopy cover (T 90 ) before (7 to 9 d difference) and yielded more (188 to 902 kg ha −1 difference) than the standard planted soybeans. Narrow-row soybeans reached T 90 earlier than wide-row soybeans (4 to 7 d difference), but yield was similar between row spacing treatments. Conventional tillage resulted in a higher yield compared to a no-till system (377 kg ha −1 difference). The PRE herbicide slightly delayed T 90 (4 d or less) but had no impact on yield. All practices investigated herein influenced the time of soybean canopy closure but only planting time and tillage impacted yield. Planting soybeans earlier and reducing their row spacing expedites the time to canopy closure. The potential delay in canopy development and yield loss if soybeans are allowed to compete with weeds early in the season would likely outweigh the slight delay in canopy development by an effective PRE herbicide.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Early planted soybeans reached 90% green canopy cover 7 to 9 d before standard planted soybeans in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- early plantede0
- Outcome
- 90% green canopy cover (T 90 )e0
- Direction
- beforee0
- Value
- 7 to 9 d differencee0
- Comparator
- standard planted soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planted soybeans reached 90% green canopy cover (T 90 ) before (7 to 9 d difference) and yielded more (188 to 902 kg ha −1 difference) than the standard planted soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planted soybeans yielded 188 to 902 kg per ha more than standard planted soybeans in both years.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- early plantede0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 188 to 902 kg ha −1 differencee0
- Comparator
- standard planted soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planted soybeans reached 90% green canopy cover (T 90 ) before (7 to 9 d difference) and yielded more (188 to 902 kg ha −1 difference) than the standard planted soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow-row soybeans reached 90% canopy cover 4 to 7 d earlier than wide-row soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Narrow-rowe0
- Outcome
- T 90e0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 4 to 7 d differencee0
- Comparator
- wide-row soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Narrow-row soybeans reached T 90 earlier than wide-row soybeans (4 to 7 d difference)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was similar between narrow and wide row spacing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- row spacinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was similar between row spacing treatments”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave a higher soybean yield than no-till, by 377 kg per ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 377 kg ha −1 differencee0
- Comparator
- no-till systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage resulted in a higher yield compared to a no-till system (377 kg ha −1 difference)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The PRE herbicide slightly delayed soybean canopy closure (T 90) by 4 d or less.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PRE herbicide slightly delayed T 90 (4 d or less)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The PRE herbicide had no impact on soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PRE herbicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PRE herbicide slightly delayed T 90 (4 d or less) but had no impact on yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the likely delay in canopy development and yield loss from early weed competition would outweigh the slight canopy delay caused by an effective PRE herbicide.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- delay in canopy development and yield losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The potential delay in canopy development and yield loss if soybeans are allowed to compete with weeds early in the season would likely outweigh the slight delay in canopy development by an effective PRE herbicide”
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