Abstract
Increased soybean seed cost has generated recent interest in reducing seeding rates to improve economic returns. However, low seeding rates result in reduced established plant stands with slower canopy development, and canopy development is an important element of integrated weed management (IWM). Field studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Wisconsin to determine the trade-off between reduced seeding rates and PRE residual herbicide use for POST herbicide exposure. Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300 seeds ha −1 . A PRE application of metolachlor plus fomesafen was made to half of the plots. One of two POST herbicide programs were sprayed at the V4 soybean growth stage to determine whether blending herbicide-resistant (HR) and non-HR soybean cultivars could be a practical alternative to reduce soybean seed expenses while maintaining the potential benefit of weed suppression before the POST herbicide application. An increase in seeding rate did not reduce the density or size of weeds exposed to the POST herbicide, and furthermore, end-of-season weed density and biomass were not influenced. In contrast, the use of a PRE herbicide reduced total weed density and biomass before POST application by 93 and 95%, respectively, in both years. In 2012, the season was dry early and harvest stands of 161,100 and 264,100 plants ha −1 produced 95% of the maximum yield for the PRE and no-PRE treatments, respectively. The difference was not repeated in 2013 with adequate early season rainfall. In conclusion, PRE herbicide use produced maximum yield with fewer plants per hectare by limiting early season weed competition and reduced weeds exposed to POST herbicide application thus contributing to HR management (HRM). In contrast, higher plant densities generated within the seeding rate range of this study did little to improve IWM or HRM.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soybean seeding rate did not reduce the density or size of weeds exposed to the POST herbicide.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- An increase in seeding ratee1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- density or size of weeds exposed to the POST herbicidee1
- Direction
- did not reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An increase in seeding rate did not reduce the density or size of weeds exposed to the POST herbicide”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soybean seeding rate did not influence end-of-season weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- An increase in seeding ratee1
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- end-of-season weed density and biomasse1
- Direction
- were not influencede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An increase in seeding rate did not reduce the density or size of weeds exposed to the POST herbicide, and furthermore, end-of-season weed density and biomass were not influenced”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicide use reduced total weed density before POST application by 93 percent in both years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- use of a PRE herbicidee3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 93e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the use of a PRE herbicide reduced total weed density and biomass before POST application by 93 and 95%, respectively, in both years”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicide use reduced total weed biomass before POST application by 95 percent in both years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- use of a PRE herbicidee3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- biomasse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 95%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the use of a PRE herbicide reduced total weed density and biomass before POST application by 93 and 95%, respectively, in both years”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest stands of two seeding rates produced 95 percent of the maximum yield for the PRE and no-PRE treatments in 2012.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PREe4
- Outcome
- maximum yielde4
- Value
- 95%e4
- Comparator
- no-PRE treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“produced 95% of the maximum yield for the PRE and no-PRE treatments, respectively”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE herbicide use produced maximum yield with fewer plants per hectare by limiting early season weed competition.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- PRE herbicide usee5
- Interactor
- weede5weed
- Outcome
- maximum yielde5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Qualifier
- with fewer plants per hectaree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“PRE herbicide use produced maximum yield with fewer plants per hectare by limiting early season weed competition”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher plant densities within the tested seeding rate range did little to improve integrated weed management or herbicide-resistance management.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- higher plant densitiese6
- Outcome
- IWM or HRMe6
- Direction
- did little to improvee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“higher plant densities generated within the seeding rate range of this study did little to improve IWM or HRM”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
Claim · model-written summary
The soybean yield difference between PRE and no-PRE treatments was not repeated in 2013.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Outcome
- differencee7
- Qualifier
- adequate early season rainfalle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The difference was not repeated in 2013 with adequate early season rainfall”
e2“Soybean was planted in mid May in 38-cm-wide rows at five seeding rates ranging from 148,200 to 469,300”
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