Abstract
Recently, due to environmental and toxicity issues, there has been increasing attention on research regarding natural products that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Wood extracts derived from the biorefining process contain various fertilizer ingredients. HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar. The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study. After two weeks, the growth characteristics of lettuce as affected by wood extract or water-soluble fertilizers were significantly different. The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant). The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant). From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce plant height than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- plant height (18.6 cm)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce number of leaves than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- number of leavese1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- number of leaves (10)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce leaf length than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- leaf length (14.1 cm)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce shoot fresh wight than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh wighte1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce root fresh weight than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble fertilizers without wood extract gave less desirable lettuce shoot dry weight than wood extracts
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extracte1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- less desirablee1
- Qualifier
- shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)e1
- Comparator
- wood extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e1“The effect of water-soluble fertilizers containing ascorbic acid, magnesium sulfate, citric acid, potassium nitrate, amino acids, or seaweed extract was less desirable than that of wood extracts regarding plant height (18.6 cm), number of leaves (10), leaf length (14.1 cm), shoot fresh wight (9.8 g/plant), root fresh weight (0.8 g/plant) and shoot dry weight (0.6 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in plant height
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- plant height :13.5 cme2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in number of leaves
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- number of leavese2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- number of leaves : 7e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in leaf length
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- leaf length : 9.4 cme2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in shoot fresh wight
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- shoot fresh wighte2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plante2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in root fresh weight
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plante2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce fertilized with wood-extract fertilizers differed significantly from the control in shoot dry weight
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extracte2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- significantly differente2
- Qualifier
- shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plante2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e2“The plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, shoot fresh wight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight of water-soluble fertilizers containing wood extract were significantly different compared to the control (plant height :13.5 cm, number of leaves : 7, leaf length : 9.4 cm, shoot fresh wight : 5.3 g/plant, root fresh weight : 0.7 g/plant, shoot dry weight : 0.4 g/plant, root dry weight : 0.07 g/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood extract contains about 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar
PinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) upon treatment with wood extract (extract obtained from steam-exploded pine) or water-soluble fertilizers containing different nutrients was analyzed in this study”
e4“HPLC analysis revealed that wood extract contains approximately 5.2% hemicellulosic sugar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase leafy vegetable yield
Verbatim
e3“From these results, it was concluded that wood extract can be used as a potential water-soluble fertilizer to increase the yield of leafy vegetables”
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