Abstract
ABSTRACT: The effects of hexanal vapor on spore viability of Penicillium expansum , lesion development on whole apple fruit, and flavor volatile biosynthesis were investigated. Spore viability was reduced by 94% after exposure to a hexanal concentration of 40 μmol/L for 24 h, compared with 50% at 18 μmol/L and 20% at 9 μmol/L. Decay on whole apple fruit inoculated with 5 × 10 4 spores/mL of P. expansum was reduced with exposure to hexanal vapor for 48 h. Although almost all of the fruit treated with 8 to 12 jmiol/L developed decay lesions, lesion size was reduced compared with the controls. At concentrations of 15 to 19 μmol/L, and 25 to 29 μmol/L, the incidence of fruit with lesions was 44% and 24%, respectively, compared with 100% and 98% in the inoculated control apples and lesion size was further reduced. Apples treated at 4°C with only 5 to 7 jimol/L hexanal vapor also showed a marked reduction in lesion incidence. Hexanal was rapidly converted to high levels of the aroma volatiles hexanol, hexylacetate, hexylbutanoate, and hexylhexanoate, but these decreased to levels similar to the control after 4 to 7 d of being held in air. There was no detectable hexanal after holding fruit in air for 5 h.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal at 40 μmol/L reduced Penicillium expansum spore viability by 94% after 24 h.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0t0 - Interactor
- Penicillium expansum
Penicillium expansume0t0pathogen
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spore viability was reduced by 94% after exposure to a hexanal concentration of 40 μmol/L for 24 h, compared with 50% at 18 μmol/L and 20% at 9 μmol/L.”
t0“Penicillium expansum , Lesion Development on Whole Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal exposure reduced decay in inoculated apples.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- hexanal vapor for 48 he0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Decay on whole apple fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decay on whole apple fruit inoculated with 5 × 10 4 spores/mL of P. expansum was reduced with exposure to hexanal vapor for 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low hexanal exposure reduced lesion size despite decay in nearly all fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0t0e1
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0t0e1pathogen
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although almost all of the fruit treated with 8 to 12 jmiol/L developed decay lesions, lesion size was reduced compared with the controls.”
t0“Whole Apples”
e1“P. expansum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 to 19 μmol/L, lesion incidence was 44%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0t0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0t0pathogen
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentrations of 15 to 19 μmol/L, and 25 to 29 μmol/L, the incidence of fruit with lesions was 44% and 24%, respectively, compared with 100% and 98% in the inoculated control apples and lesion size was further reduced.”
t0“P. expansum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 to 29 μmol/L, lesion incidence was 24%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0e1
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0e1pathogen
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentrations of 15 to 19 μmol/L, and 25 to 29 μmol/L, the incidence of fruit with lesions was 44% and 24%, respectively, compared with 100% and 98% in the inoculated control apples and lesion size was further reduced.”
e1“P. expansum”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion size was further reduced at the higher hexanal concentrations.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0t0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesion size was further reduced”
t0“Whole Apples”
e1“15 to 19 μmol/L”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4°C, 5 to 7 jimol/L hexanal markedly reduced lesion incidence.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 5 to 7 jimol/L hexanal vapore0
- Outcome
- lesion incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- 4°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apples treated at 4°C with only 5 to 7 jimol/L hexanal vapor also showed a marked reduction in lesion incidence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal was converted to elevated aroma volatiles, which later fell to control-like levels.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexanal was rapidly converted to high levels of the aroma volatiles hexanol, hexylacetate, hexylbutanoate, and hexylhexanoate, but these decreased to levels similar to the control after 4 to 7 d of being held in air.”
t0“Whole Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexanal became undetectable after five hours in air.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no detectable hexanal after holding fruit in air for 5 h.”
t0“Whole Apples”
The same questions in other papers
hexanal · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →hexanal · Penicillium expansum · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.