Abstract
Late-season N application through foliar spraying is recognized as an efficient agronomic practice for improving grain quality in common wheat, although the major part of N is still supplied by soil fertilization. This study assessed the impact of various N doses entirely applied by repeated foliar sprayings on wheat growth, yield and quality, in comparison with conventional soil fertilization management with a recommended dose of 160 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate (C-M). Doses of 96, 104 and 120 kg N ha−1 as both UAN (urea-ammonium-nitrate) and urea applied by foliar spraying were evaluated in a 2-year field trial in Northern Italy in a silty loam soil with 1.7% organic matter. Here, it was demonstrated that the canopy greenness was similar in all treatments, with slight grain yield increases by the lowest foliar N dose vs. C-M. The higher N foliar doses mainly improved the grain protein content and both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, LMW-GS), particularly with urea. It is concluded that in our fertile soil, managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar spraying is feasible without compromising grain yield and ameliorating quality at the same time. Improved nutrient use efficiency and beneficial environmental effects are also expected by reducing the nitrogen load on the agricultural fields by 25–40%.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy greenness of wheat was similar in all foliar N treatments compared with conventional soil fertilization.
- Taxon
- common wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- N doses entirely applied by repeated foliar sprayingse2
- Outcome
- canopy greennesse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- conventional soil fertilization managemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving grain quality in common wheat”
e1“Here, it was demonstrated that the canopy greenness was similar in all treatments, with slight grain yield increases by the lowest foliar N dose vs. C-M”
e2“This study assessed the impact of various N doses entirely applied by repeated foliar sprayings on wheat growth, yield and quality, in comparison with conventional soil fertilization management”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest foliar N dose gave slight grain yield increases compared with C-M.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- lowest foliar N dosee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Comparator
- C-Me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving grain quality in common wheat”
e1“Here, it was demonstrated that the canopy greenness was similar in all treatments, with slight grain yield increases by the lowest foliar N dose vs. C-M”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher foliar N doses improved grain protein content and the HMW-GS and LMW-GS glutenin subunits, particularly with urea.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher N foliar dosese3
- Outcome
- grain protein content and both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, LMW-GS)e3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- particularly with ureae3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving grain quality in common wheat”
e3“The higher N foliar doses mainly improved the grain protein content and both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, LMW-GS), particularly with urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar spraying is feasible without compromising grain yield and while improving quality.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar sprayinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving grain quality in common wheat”
e4“It is concluded that in our fertile soil, managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar spraying is feasible without compromising grain yield and ameliorating quality at the same time”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-only N management is expected to reduce the nitrogen load on agricultural fields by 25-40%.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar sprayinge4
- Outcome
- nitrogen load on the agricultural fieldse5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Value
- 25–40%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving grain quality in common wheat”
e4“It is concluded that in our fertile soil, managing N fertilization exclusively through foliar spraying is feasible without compromising grain yield and ameliorating quality at the same time”
e5“Improved nutrient use efficiency and beneficial environmental effects are also expected by reducing the nitrogen load on the agricultural fields by 25–40%”
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