Abstract
Abstract Background Proline can promote growth of plants by increasing photosynthetic activity under both non-stress and abiotic stress conditions. However, its role in non-stressed conditions is least studied. An experiment was conducted to assess as to whether increase in growth of wheat due to seed priming with proline under non-stress condition was associated with proline-induced changes in photosystem II (PSII) activity. Seeds of four wheat varieties (S-24, Sehar-06, Galaxy-13, and Pasban-90) were primed with different concentrations of proline (0, 5, 15 and 25 mM) for 12 h and allowed to grow under normal conditions. Biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performance, being two most sensitive features/indicators of plant growth, were selected to monitor proline modulated changes. Results Seed priming with proline increased the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant height of all four wheat varieties. Maximum increase in growth attributes was observed in all four wheat varieties at 15 mM proline. Maximum growth improvement due to proline was found in var. Galaxy-13, whereas the reverse was true for S-24. Moreover, proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PI ABS , PI Tot in wheat varieties indicating changes in PSII activity. Proline induced changes in energy fluxes for absorption, trapping, electron transport and heat dissipation per reaction center indicated that var. Galaxy-13 had better ability to process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, lesser PSII efficiency in var. S-24 was due to lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipation. This was further supported by the fact that var. S-24 had disturbance at acceptor side of PSI as reflected by reduction in ΔV IP , probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptors. Conclusion Seed priming with proline improved the growth of wheat varieties, which depends on type of variety and concentration of proline applied. Seed priming with proline significantly changed the PSII activity in wheat varieties, however, its translation in growth improvement depends on potential of processing of absorbed light energy by electron acceptors of electron transport chain, particularly those present at PSI end.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Proline seed priming increased shoot and root fresh and dry weights and plant height in four wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Seed priming with prolinee0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed priming with proline increased the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and plant height of all four wheat varieties”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest growth attribute increase occurred with 15 mM proline in all four wheat varieties.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 15 mM prolinee0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- Maximum increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase in growth attributes was observed in all four wheat varieties at 15 mM proline”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Galaxy-13 had the greatest proline-related growth improvement.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Galaxy-13e0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- growth improvemente0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum growth improvement due to proline was found in var. Galaxy-13”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
S-24 had the least proline-related growth improvement.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S-24e0
- Outcome
- reversee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas the reverse was true for S-24”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline treatment changed Fo, Fm, and Fv/Fo in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- proline treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fo, Fm, Fv/Foe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PI ABS , PI Tot in wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline treatment changed PI ABS and PI Tot in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- proline treatmente0
- Outcome
- PI ABS , PI Tote0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline treatment changed the Fo, Fm, Fv/Fo, PI ABS , PI Tot in wheat varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Galaxy-13 had better capacity to process absorbed light energy after proline-related energy-flux changes.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Galaxy-13e0
- Outcome
- ability to process absorbed light energye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“var. Galaxy-13 had better ability to process absorbed light energy through photosynthetic machinery”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
S-24 showed lower electron-transport flux and greater heat-dissipation flux, associated with lower PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S-24e0
- Outcome
- PSII efficiencye0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Qualifier
- lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesser PSII efficiency in var. S-24 was due to lower energy flux for electron transport and greater energy flux for heat dissipation”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
S-24 showed a reduction in ΔV IP and electron-transport probability and flux at PSI acceptors.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- S-24e0
- Outcome
- ΔV IP , probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptorse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“var. S-24 had disturbance at acceptor side of PSI as reflected by reduction in ΔV IP , probability and energy flux for electron transport at the PSI end electron acceptors”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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