Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with multiple growth-promoting traits play a significant role in soil to improve soil health, crop growth and yield. Recent research studies have focused on the integration of organic amendments with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance soil fertility and reduce the hazardous effects of chemical fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the integrated application of biochar, compost, fruit and vegetable waste, and Bacillus subtilis (SMBL 1) to soil in sole application and in combined form. The study comprises eight treatments—four treatments without inoculation and four treatments with SMBL 1 inoculation in a completely randomized design (CRD), under factorial settings with four replications. The results indicate that the integrated treatments significantly improved okra growth and yield compared with sole applications. The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control. Similarly, fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control. The results of this study reveal that the integration of SMBL 1 with organic amendments is an effective approach to the sustainable production of okra.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments improved okra growth and yield relative to sole applications.
- Taxon
- Okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- integrated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- okra growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sole applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the integrated treatments significantly improved okra growth and yield compared with sole applications”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased plant height by 29% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 29e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased root length by 29% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 29e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased leaf chlorophyll a and b by 50% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 50e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased leaf relative water content by 53.3% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contente0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 53.3e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased fruit weight by 4.3% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 4.3e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased fruit diameter by 44.7% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 44.7e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
SMBL 1 with biochar increased fruit length by 40.4% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with biochare0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- lengthe0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Value
- 40.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit N content improved by 33% relative to control.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit P content improved by 52.7% relative to control.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit K content improved by 25.6% relative to control.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Fe improved by 37.1% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- Fe and Zn in shoote0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 37.1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Zn improved by 35.6% relative to control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- Zn in shoote0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 35.6%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that SMBL 1 plus organic amendments is effective for sustainable okra production.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- integration of SMBL 1 with organic amendmentse0
- Interactor
- SMBL 1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- sustainable production of okrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integration of SMBL 1 with organic amendments is an effective approach to the sustainable production of okra”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.