Abstract
Abstract The efficacy of empty oil palm fruit bunch (EFB) on crop productivity was evaluated by examining the effect of a one‐time application of EFB biochar and compost on soil properties, okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency, and yields across two cropping cycles. Treatments involved EFB biochar at 10 and 20 t ha −1 (B10 and B20), EFB compost at 20 t ha −1 (CP20), combinations of biochar and compost (B10CP20 and B20CP20), an unamended control (B0), and an inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPK). Soil chemical properties, okra yield, and microbial biomass were assessed using the whole‐cell fatty acid (WCFA) profiling method. The results showed that both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle. CP20 and B20CP20 treatments increased yield by 58% and 100%, respectively, compared to the mineral fertilizer treatment. These treatments also enhanced phosphorus uptake and recovery efficiency, primarily due to increased soil pH and improved nutrient availability. B20CP20 was especially effective in boosting cation exchange capacity (CEC) and micronutrient content. The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the CP20 treatment was associated with improved phosphorus uptake and recovery in the second cycle. However, an overall decline in soil CEC and total organic carbon by an average of 16% and 25%, respectively, resulted in a threefold yield reduction in the second cycle. Importantly, only the B20CP20 treatment sustained yield increases into the second cycle. The study demonstrates that a one‐time co‐application of EFB biochar and compost can enhance soil fertility and soil microbial properties and increase nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies, resulting in increased okra yields.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields by up to 283% in the first cropping cycle.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- single and combined applications of EFB biochar and composte1
- Outcome
- okra pod yieldse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 283%e1
- Qualifier
- in the first cropping cyclee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
CP20 increased okra yield by 58% compared with the mineral fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- CP20e2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 58%e2
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e2“CP20 and B20CP20 treatments increased yield by 58% and 100%, respectively, compared to the mineral fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
B20CP20 increased okra yield by 100% compared with the mineral fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- B20CP20e2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 100%e2
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizer treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e2“CP20 and B20CP20 treatments increased yield by 58% and 100%, respectively, compared to the mineral fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
EFB biochar and compost enhanced okra phosphorus uptake and recovery efficiency, primarily through increased soil pH and improved nutrient availability.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptake and recovery efficiencye3
- Qualifier
- primarily due to increased soil pH and improved nutrient availabilitye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e3“These treatments also enhanced phosphorus uptake and recovery efficiency, primarily due to increased soil pH and improved nutrient availability”
Claim · model-written summary
B20CP20 boosted cation exchange capacity and micronutrient content in okra soil.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- B20CP20e4
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity (CEC) and micronutrient contente4
- Direction
- boostinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e4“B20CP20 was especially effective in boosting cation exchange capacity (CEC) and micronutrient content”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the CP20 treatment were associated with improved okra phosphorus uptake and recovery in the second cycle.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- CP20e5
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie5symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorus uptake and recoverye5
- Direction
- improvede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e5“The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the CP20 treatment was associated with improved phosphorus uptake and recovery in the second cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cation exchange capacity declined by 16% over the two cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- soil CECe6
- Direction
- declinee6
- Value
- 16%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e6“an overall decline in soil CEC and total organic carbon by an average of 16% and 25%, respectively, resulted in a threefold yield reduction in the second cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total organic carbon declined by 25% over the two cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- total organic carbone6
- Direction
- declinee6
- Value
- 25%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e6“an overall decline in soil CEC and total organic carbon by an average of 16% and 25%, respectively, resulted in a threefold yield reduction in the second cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra yield fell threefold in the second cropping cycle.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- reductione6
- Value
- threefolde6
- Qualifier
- in the second cyclee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e6“an overall decline in soil CEC and total organic carbon by an average of 16% and 25%, respectively, resulted in a threefold yield reduction in the second cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Only B20CP20 sustained okra yield increases into the second cropping cycle.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- B20CP20e7
- Outcome
- yield increasese7
- Direction
- sustainede7
- Qualifier
- into the second cyclee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e7“only the B20CP20 treatment sustained yield increases into the second cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of EFB biochar and compost increased nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- EFB biochar and composte1
- Outcome
- nitrogen and phosphorus use efficienciese2
- Direction
- increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both single and combined applications of EFB biochar and compost significantly improved okra pod yields, with increases up to 283% in the first cropping cycle”
e2“increase nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies, resulting in increased okra yields”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 373 papers →fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.