Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) attracts many researchers because of its potential toxicity to humans. It is available in the soil in high concentrations and can cause physiological, morphological and molecular damage to plants. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of Cd on the DNA as well as the morphological and physiological traits of pea (Pisum sativum). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were utilized to detect the effect of Cd on the genomic DNA of pea. Two ISSR primers (UBC-26 and UBC-35) resulted in highly clear and reproducible bands. The unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-26 were 250 bp, 450 bp and 600 bp in the control but disappeared under the low, medium and high concentrations of Cd. Moreover, the unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-35 were of sizes of 1500 bp and 2000 bp in the control but disappeared in the low, medium and high concentrations, indicating a genotoxic effect of Cd on pea DNA. The toxicity of Cd also negatively affected the morphological traits of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruit, and their physiological traits. The concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotene, sugars, lipids, protein and the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity. The study reveals the environmental hazards of Cd on the molecular, morphological and physiological traits of P. sativum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Two ISSR primers produced clear reproducible bands.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Outcome
- highly clear and reproducible bandse0
- Value
- Two ISSR primerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two ISSR primers (UBC-26 and UBC-35) resulted in highly clear and reproducible bands”
t0“Pisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
UBC-26 control bands at 250, 450 and 600 bp disappeared under cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- low, medium and high concentrations of Cde0
- Outcome
- unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-26e0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Value
- 250 bp, 450 bp and 600 bpe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-26 were 250 bp, 450 bp and 600 bp in the control but disappeared under the low, medium and high concentrations of Cd”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
UBC-35 control bands at 1500 and 2000 bp disappeared under cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- low, medium and high concentrationse0
- Outcome
- unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-35e0
- Direction
- disappearede0
- Value
- 1500 bp and 2000 bpe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the unique polymorphic bands produced with primer UBC-35 were of sizes of 1500 bp and 2000 bp in the control but disappeared in the low, medium and high concentrations”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium negatively affected root, stem and leaf morphology.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- morphological traits of roots, stems, leavese0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxicity of Cd also negatively affected the morphological traits of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruit, and their physiological traits”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium negatively affected seed, flower and fruit morphology.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- seeds, flowers and fruite0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The toxicity of Cd also negatively affected the morphological traits of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, flowers and fruit, and their physiological traits”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral elements, chlorophyll and carotene decreased under cadmium relative to control.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Outcome
- concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotenee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotene, sugars, lipids, protein and the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugars, lipids and protein decreased under cadmium relative to control.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Outcome
- sugars, lipids, proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of some mineral elements, chlorophyll, carotene, sugars, lipids, protein and the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity decreased under cadmium.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased under cadmium.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of some enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) decreased compared with the control responding to the Cd toxicity”
t0“traits ofPisum sativumL.”
e1“pea (Pisum sativum)”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.