Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been widely studied in different plant species; however, the mechanism involved in its toxicity as well as the cell response against the metal have not been well established. In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants, we studied the effect of Cd on antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism of leaves using different cellular, molecular, and biochemical approaches. The growth of pea plants with 50 mum CdCl(2) affected differentially the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, giving rise to a SOD activity reduction. The copper/zinc-SOD down-regulation was apparently due to the calcium (Ca) deficiency induced by the heavy metal. In these circumstances, the overproduction of the ROS hydrogen peroxide and superoxide could be observed in vivo by confocal laser microscopy, mainly associated with vascular tissue, epidermis, and mesophyll cells, and the production of superoxide radicals was prevented by exogenous Ca. On the other hand, the NO synthase-dependent NO production was strongly depressed by Cd, and treatment with Ca prevented this effect. Under these conditions, the pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2, were up-regulated, probably to protect cells against damages induced by Cd. The regulation of these proteins could be mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, whose contents increased by Cd treatment. A model is proposed for the cellular response to long-term Cd exposure consisting of cross talk between Ca, ROS, and NO.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced superoxide dismutase activity in pea leaves.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- 50 mum CdCl(2)e1
- Outcome
- SOD activitye1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e1“The growth of pea plants with 50 mum CdCl(2) affected differentially the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, giving rise to a SOD activity reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium affected superoxide dismutase isozyme expression differentially at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- 50 mum CdCl(2)e1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymese1
- Outcome
- expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymese1
- Direction
- affected differentiallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e1“The growth of pea plants with 50 mum CdCl(2) affected differentially the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, giving rise to a SOD activity reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper/zinc-SOD down-regulation in pea was apparently due to calcium deficiency induced by cadmium.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- copper/zinc-SODe2
- Compound
- calcium (Ca)e2
- Outcome
- copper/zinc-SOD down-regulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e2“The copper/zinc-SOD down-regulation was apparently due to the calcium (Ca) deficiency induced by the heavy metal”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide overproduction was observed in vivo in pea vascular tissue, epidermis and mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- vascular tissue, epidermis, and mesophyll cellse3
- Compound
- hydrogen peroxidee3
- Outcome
- overproduction of the ROS hydrogen peroxide and superoxidee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e3“the overproduction of the ROS hydrogen peroxide and superoxide could be observed in vivo by confocal laser microscopy, mainly associated with vascular tissue, epidermis, and mesophyll cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous calcium prevented superoxide radical production in cadmium-treated pea.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- exogenous Cae4
- Outcome
- production of superoxide radicalse4
- Direction
- preventede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e4“the production of superoxide radicals was prevented by exogenous Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium strongly depressed NO synthase-dependent NO production in pea, and calcium treatment prevented this effect.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Cde5
- Outcome
- NO synthase-dependent NO productione5
- Direction
- depressede5
- Qualifier
- treatment with Ca prevented this effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e5“the NO synthase-dependent NO production was strongly depressed by Cd, and treatment with Ca prevented this effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium up-regulated the pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2 in pea leaves.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Cde6
- Gene
- PrP4Ae6
- Outcome
- pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2e6
- Direction
- up-regulatede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e6“Under these conditions, the pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2, were up-regulated, probably to protect cells against damages induced by Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment increased jasmonic acid and ethylene contents in pea.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente7
- Compound
- jasmonic acid and ethylenee7
- Outcome
- contentse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e7“The regulation of these proteins could be mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, whose contents increased by Cd treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid and ethylene may mediate the regulation of these stress proteins in pea.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Compound
- jasmonic acid and ethylenee7
- Outcome
- regulation of these proteinse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e7“The regulation of these proteins could be mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, whose contents increased by Cd treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A model proposes that the cellular response to long-term cadmium exposure in pea consists of cross talk between Ca, ROS and NO.
- Taxon
- pea (Pisum sativum)Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- cellular response to long-term Cd exposuree1
- Qualifier
- cross talk between Ca, ROS, and NOe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants”
e1“A model is proposed for the cellular response to long-term Cd exposure consisting of cross talk between Ca, ROS, and NO”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →cadmium atom · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →calcium atom · physiology: oxidative · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.