Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) plants exposed to 4 and 40 microM of Cd for 7 d in hydroponic culture were analysed with reference to the distribution of metal, the accumulation of biomass and the metal's effects on antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves. Cd-induced a decrease in plant biomass. The maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by stems and leaves. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation and an increased tissue concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both roots and leaves indicated that Cd caused oxidative stress in pea plants. Roots and leaves of pea plants responded differently to Cd with reference to the induction of enhanced activities of most of the enzymes monitored in the present study. These differential responses to Cd were further found to be associated with levels of Cd to which the plants were exposed. Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was more at 40 microM than at 4 microM in leaves. While catalase (CAT) prominently increased in leaves both at 4 and 40 microM Cd, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed maximum stimulation at 40 microM Cd in roots. Enhancement in glutathione reductase (GR) activity was also more at 40 microM than at 4 microM Cd in roots. While glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity decreased in roots and remained almost unmodified in leaves, glutathione S-transferase (GST) showed pronounced stimulation in both roots and leaves of pea plants exposed to 40 microM Cd. Increased activities of antioxidative enzymes in Cd-treated plants suggest that they have some additive function in the mechanism of metal tolerance in pea plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cd decreased pea biomass.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-induced a decrease in plant biomass.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulated most in roots, then stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by stems and leaves.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased lipid peroxidation in pea roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation and an increased tissue concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both roots and leaves indicated that Cd caused oxidative stress in pea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased hydrogen peroxide in pea roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- tissue concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation and an increased tissue concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both roots and leaves indicated that Cd caused oxidative stress in pea plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea roots and leaves differed in enzyme activity responses to Cd.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- activities of most of the enzymese0
- Direction
- differentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots and leaves of pea plants responded differently to Cd with reference to the induction of enhanced activities of most of the enzymes monitored in the present study.”
Claim · model-written summary
The enzyme responses also depended on Cd exposure level.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- differential responses to Cde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differential responses to Cd were further found to be associated with levels of Cd to which the plants were exposed.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf SOD activity increased more at 40 than 4 microM Cd.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 40 microMe0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- 4 microMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was more at 40 microM than at 4 microM in leaves.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity increased in leaves at both cadmium doses.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 4 and 40 microM Cde0
- Gene
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While catalase (CAT) prominently increased in leaves both at 4 and 40 microM Cd, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed maximum stimulation at 40 microM Cd in roots.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root APX activity was maximally stimulated at 40 microM Cd.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 40 microM Cde0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- maximum stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While catalase (CAT) prominently increased in leaves both at 4 and 40 microM Cd, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed maximum stimulation at 40 microM Cd in roots.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root GR activity increased more at 40 than 4 microM Cd.
- Taxon
- Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 40 microMe0
- Gene
- glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) activitye0
- Direction
- Enhancemente0
- Comparator
- 4 microM Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhancement in glutathione reductase (GR) activity was also more at 40 microM than at 4 microM Cd in roots.”
t0“Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPOX activity decreased in pea roots.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 40 microM Cde0
- Gene
- glutathione peroxidase (GPOX)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity decreased in roots and remained almost unmodified in leaves, glutathione S-transferase (GST) showed pronounced stimulation in both roots and leaves of pea plants exposed to 40 microM Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
GPOX activity remained almost unmodified in pea leaves.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 40 microM Cde0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activitye0
- Direction
- remained almost unmodifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity decreased in roots and remained almost unmodified in leaves, glutathione S-transferase (GST) showed pronounced stimulation in both roots and leaves of pea plants exposed to 40 microM Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
GST activity was stimulated in both pea roots and leaves at 40 microM Cd.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- 40 microM Cde0
- Gene
- glutathione S-transferase (GST)e0
- Outcome
- glutathione S-transferase (GST)e0
- Direction
- pronounced stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutathione S-transferase (GST) showed pronounced stimulation in both roots and leaves of pea plants exposed to 40 microM Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest antioxidative enzyme activity contributes to cadmium tolerance.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Cd-treatede0
- Outcome
- metal tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- additive functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased activities of antioxidative enzymes in Cd-treated plants suggest that they have some additive function in the mechanism of metal tolerance in pea plants.”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.