Abstract
The field experiments were conducted during the years 2011- 2014 at farmers’ fields in the villages viz. Simra, Mahangupur and Azadnagar of Phulwarisharif Block of Patna district to evaluate the performance of rice-wheat cropping system under different sowing methods and different tillage scenario. Four sowing methods in rice viz. zero- till- drill rice(ZT), unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice (MT), direct wet sowing and puddled transplanting whereas, in wheat three methods of sowings viz. zero- till- drill, manual line sowing and sowing with Turbo Happy seeder were carried out and compared for yield and economics of the treatment. Unpuddled Mechanical transplanting (MT) followed by manual sowing of wheat recorded least bulk density (1.51gcm-3) at 0-15 cm of soil depth. Unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice recorded highest output: input ratio of 2.4 with a grain yield of 49.2q/ha. After harvesting of rice crop, wheat grown in plots of MT rice and ZT, produced significantly higher yield i.e. 48.2 and 44.6 q/ha with an output: input ratio of 2.0 and 2.1 respectively. Wheat crop sown by Turbo Happy seeder performed the best and produced significantly higher grain yield (43.8q/ha) over other methods of sowing due to mulching effect. ZT rice and MT rice saved 81 and 72 percent of sowing cost and 96 and 94 percent in terms of time taken in sowing/ transplanting on hectare basis, respectively. Sowing of wheat through Zero- till- drill and Turbo Happy seeder also curtailed the overall cost of cultivation by Rs. 9,800 and Rs. 8,800/ha, respectively
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical rice transplanting followed by manual wheat sowing gave the least soil bulk density, 1.51gcm-3.
- Taxon
- Rice-Wheatt0
- Treatment
- Unpuddled Mechanical transplanting (MT) followed by manual sowing of wheate0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 1.51gcm-3e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Unpuddled Mechanical transplanting (MT) followed by manual sowing of wheat recorded least bulk density (1.51gcm-3) at 0-15 cm of soil depth”
t0“Rice-Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical transplanted rice produced a 49.2q/ha grain yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Unpuddled mechanical transplanted ricee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 49.2q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice recorded highest output: input ratio of 2.4 with a grain yield of 49.2q/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical transplanted rice had the highest output to input ratio of 2.4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Unpuddled mechanical transplanted ricee0
- Outcome
- output: input ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice recorded highest output: input ratio of 2.4 with a grain yield of 49.2q/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat after MT rice yielded significantly more, 48.2 q/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grown in plots of MT rice and ZT, produced significantly higher yield i.e. 48.2 and 44.6 q/ha with an output: input ratio of 2.0 and 2.1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat after ZT rice yielded significantly more, 44.6 q/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grown in plots of MT rice and ZT, produced significantly higher yield i.e. 48.2 and 44.6 q/ha with an output: input ratio of 2.0 and 2.1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat following MT rice had an output to input ratio of 2.0.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- output: input ratioe0
- Value
- 2.0e0
- Qualifier
- MT ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grown in plots of MT rice and ZT, produced significantly higher yield i.e. 48.2 and 44.6 q/ha with an output: input ratio of 2.0 and 2.1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat following ZT rice had an output to input ratio of 2.1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- output: input ratioe0
- Value
- 2.1e0
- Qualifier
- ZTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grown in plots of MT rice and ZT, produced significantly higher yield i.e. 48.2 and 44.6 q/ha with an output: input ratio of 2.0 and 2.1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Turbo Happy seeder wheat produced significantly higher grain yield of 43.8q/ha over other methods.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Turbo Happy seedere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 43.8q/hae0
- Comparator
- other methods of sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat crop sown by Turbo Happy seeder performed the best and produced significantly higher grain yield (43.8q/ha) over other methods of sowing due to mulching effect”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT rice saved 81 percent of sowing cost.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT rice and MT rice saved 81 and 72 percent of sowing cost and 96 and 94 percent in terms of time taken in sowing/ transplanting on hectare basis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MT rice saved 72 percent of sowing cost.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT rice and MT rice saved 81 and 72 percent of sowing cost and 96 and 94 percent in terms of time taken in sowing/ transplanting on hectare basis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT rice saved 96 percent of sowing time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ZT ricee0
- Outcome
- time taken in sowing/ transplantinge0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 96e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT rice and MT rice saved 81 and 72 percent of sowing cost and 96 and 94 percent in terms of time taken in sowing/ transplanting on hectare basis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
MT rice saved 94 percent of transplanting time.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MT ricee0
- Outcome
- time taken in sowing/ transplantinge0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 94 percente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT rice and MT rice saved 81 and 72 percent of sowing cost and 96 and 94 percent in terms of time taken in sowing/ transplanting on hectare basis, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-till-drill wheat reduced cultivation cost by Rs. 9,800.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zero- till- drille0
- Outcome
- overall cost of cultivatione0
- Direction
- curtailede0
- Value
- Rs. 9,800e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing of wheat through Zero- till- drill and Turbo Happy seeder also curtailed the overall cost of cultivation by Rs. 9,800 and Rs. 8,800/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Turbo Happy seeder wheat reduced cultivation cost by Rs. 8,800/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Turbo Happy seedere0
- Outcome
- overall cost of cultivatione0
- Direction
- curtailede0
- Value
- Rs. 8,800/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sowing of wheat through Zero- till- drill and Turbo Happy seeder also curtailed the overall cost of cultivation by Rs. 9,800 and Rs. 8,800/ha, respectively”
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