Abstract
The aid of beneficial microbes, which is a well-accepted strategy, may improve plant salt tolerance. However, the mechanisms that underpin it are unclear. In this study, seedling experiments were carried out to assess the effect of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter on the germination, growth, nonenzymatic and enzymatic content in soybean (Glycine max L.) under salt stress. Water was sprayed on the seeds as a control, and with 75 mM, 150 mM NaCl as salt stress. The findings demonstrate that salt stress (75, 150 mM) caused a significant decrease in germination, morphological criteria, and membrane stability index (MSI) when compared to control seeds but increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, endophytic Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter inoculation resulted in a significant rise in all of the above metrics.; however, these treatments resulted in significant reductions in ROS, EL, and MDA in stressed plants. Finally, the findings showed that combining Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter was the most efficient in reducing the harmful effects of salt on soybean plants by boosting antioxidant up-regulation and lowering membrane leakage and ROS.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced soybean germination, morphology and membrane stability relative to control seeds.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- salt stress (75, 150 mM)e0
- Outcome
- germination, morphological criteria, and membrane stability index (MSI)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- control seedse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress (75, 150 mM) caused a significant decrease in germination, morphological criteria, and membrane stability index (MSI) when compared to control seeds”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased soybean lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and osmotic pressure.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinityt0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressuree0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased soybean proline, citric acid and sugar content.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinityt0
- Outcome
- proline, citric acid, sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased antioxidant enzymes in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinityt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter inoculation significantly increased the preceding soybean seedling metrics, except the subsequently specified stress indicators.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Second interactor
- Enterobacter
Enterobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- all of the above metricse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endophytic Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter inoculation resulted in a significant rise in all of the above metrics”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation significantly reduced ROS, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation in salt-stressed soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ROS, EL, and MDAe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments resulted in significant reductions in ROS, EL, and MDA in stressed plants”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter was most efficient at reducing salt harm in soybean, with increased antioxidants and reduced membrane leakage and ROS.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- combining Bradyrhizobium and Enterobactere0
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- EnterobacterEnterobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- harmful effects of salte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combining Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter was the most efficient in reducing the harmful effects of salt on soybean plants by boosting antioxidant up-regulation and lowering membrane leakage and ROS”
t0“Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling”
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