Response of INM in rice in rice–wheat cropping system

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, UP during kharif of 2013-14 & 2014-15, to study the effect of INM on yield, nutrient contents and uptake of rice. The experiment was conducted with 11 treatments, viz. control, 100% NPK (RDF 120:60:40 kg/ha), 100% NPK + FYM 5 t/ha, 100% NPK + blue green algae (BGA), 100% NPK + FYM + BGA, 100% NPK + 40 kg S/ha, 100% NPK + 5 kg Zn/ha, 100% NPK + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha, 100% NPK + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ ha, 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha and 125% NPK in RBD replicated thrice. Results of this study revealed that among the different INM options significantly highest grain (5.27 t/ha), straw (6.23 t/ha) and biological yield (11.5 t/ha) with harvest index (45.8%) were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha. Application of 100% NPK increased grain yield by 100% over control and further addition of FYM at the rate of 5 t/ha increased the yield by 2.75% compared to 100% RDF. The highest protein content, starch content and head rice recovery was recorded with application of 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The full nutrient treatment gave the highest grain yield of 5.27 t/ha.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/hae0
Outcome: graine0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 5.27 t/hae0
Comparator: different INM optionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Results of this study revealed that among the different INM options significantly highest grain (5.27 t/ha), straw (6.23 t/ha) and biological yield (11.5 t/ha) with harvest index (45.8%) were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–906 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The full nutrient treatment gave the highest straw yield of 6.23 t/ha.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/hae0
Outcome: strawe0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 6.23 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Results of this study revealed that among the different INM options significantly highest grain (5.27 t/ha), straw (6.23 t/ha) and biological yield (11.5 t/ha) with harvest index (45.8%) were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–906 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The full nutrient treatment gave the highest biological yield of 11.5 t/ha.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/hae0
Outcome: biological yielde0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 11.5 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Results of this study revealed that among the different INM options significantly highest grain (5.27 t/ha), straw (6.23 t/ha) and biological yield (11.5 t/ha) with harvest index (45.8%) were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–906 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The full nutrient treatment recorded a harvest index of 45.8%.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/hae0
Outcome: harvest indexe0
Value: 45.8%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“harvest index (45.8%) were recorded with 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 804–906 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% NPK raised grain yield by 100% over control.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPKe0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: increasede0
Value: 100%e0
Comparator: controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Application of 100% NPK increased grain yield by 100% over control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–973 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding FYM at 5 t/ha raised yield by 2.75% compared with 100% RDF.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: FYM at the rate of 5 t/hae0
Outcome: yielde0
Direction: increasede0
Value: 2.75%e0
Comparator: 100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“further addition of FYM at the rate of 5 t/ha increased the yield by 2.75% compared to 100% RDF.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 978–1074 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The full nutrient treatment recorded the highest protein content, starch content and head rice recovery.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/hae0
Outcome: protein content, starch content and head rice recoverye0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The highest protein content, starch content and head rice recovery was recorded with application of 100% NPK + FYM + BGA + 40 kg S/ha + 5 kg Zn/ha + 10 kg Fe/ha.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1075–1236 · show in text ↑

t0
“Response of INM in rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–23 · show in text ↑

iron atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

71 papers: 57 positive, 14 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Iron toxicity reduced rice yields by 16–78 %, averaging 43 %.
Rice Yield Gap due to Iron Toxicity in West Africa · 2008 · compared with referential yield obtained in a non‐iron‐toxic site
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar-applied Zn, I, Fe or Se did not affect rice grain yield.
Simultaneous Biofortification of Rice With Zinc, Iodine, Iron and Selenium Through Foliar Treatment of a Micronutrient Cocktail in Five Countries · 2020 · compared with local control (LC)
Opposite direction
negative
Iron toxicity reduced rice grain yield by 34.2% in the field.
Tolerance of rice germplasm to iron toxicity stress and the relationship between tolerance, Fe²⁺, P and K content in the leaves and roots · 2012
Opposite direction

67 papers more in this group

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zinc atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

419 papers: 389 positive, 30 negative or no effect

388 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Foliar-applied Zn, I, Fe or Se did not affect rice grain yield.
Simultaneous Biofortification of Rice With Zinc, Iodine, Iron and Selenium Through Foliar Treatment of a Micronutrient Cocktail in Five Countries · 2020 · compared with local control (LC)
Opposite direction
negative
Foliar Zn application at a late stage was not as effective as soil application in increasing yield attributes and yield of rice.
Relative Efficiency of Zinc-Coated Urea and Soil and Foliar Application of Zinc Sulphate on Yield, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Iron Biofortification in Grains and Uptake by Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2015 · compared with soil application
Opposite direction
no effect
Following green manure, reduced P, K, S and Zn doses did not reduce T. Aman yield.
Long‐Term Integrated Nutrient Management for Rice‐Based Cropping Pattern: Effect on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Nutrient Balance Sheet, and Soil Fertility · 2007
Opposite direction

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zinc atom · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

33 papers: 30 positive, 3 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

negative
One protein decreased under combined 2,4-D and zinc treatment.
A Proteomic Approach To Analyze Auxin- and Zinc-Responsive Protein in Rice · 2005
Opposite direction
negative
B, Zn and MT application reduced rice protein content at every treatment level.
Boron, zinc and microtone effects on growth, chlorophyll contents and yield attributes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar · 2012 · compared with F0
Opposite direction
negative
Cd and Zn stress decreased leaf protein content.
EFFECTS OF SILICON ON YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE PLANTS UNDER CADMIUM AND ZINC STRESS · 2012
Opposite direction

29 papers more in this group

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Cyanobacteriota · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

33 papers: 32 positive, 1 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Replacing 25 per cent of inorganic N using BGA inoculation maintained grain yield on par with full inorganic N.
WATER AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR LOWLAND TRANSPLANTED RICE UNDER LIMITED WATER SUPPLY · 1996 · compared with application of 100 per cent of N through inorganic fertilizers
No difference from an alternative
positive
Without nitrogenous fertiliser, blue-green algae biofertiliser increased rice paddy yield.
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers on mosquito populations in rice fields of southern India · 2000
Same direction
positive
FYM at 10 t per ha and blue green algae inoculation, alone or combined, increased rice economic yield.
Effect of Farmyard Manure, Chemical and Biofertilizers on Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Soil Properties · 2000
Same direction

29 papers more in this group

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Cyanobacteriota · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

positive
The maximum protein content and yield of rice were observed with 75 kg N fed.-1 + spraying with cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria and N-Fertilization Enhance the Efficiency of Rice Plants Grown Under Saline Soil Conditions · 2021
Same direction

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iron atom · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Nano chelated iron fertilizer raised rice protein content by 13%.
Using Nanochelating Technology for Biofortification and Yield Increase in Rice · 2020
Same direction
positive
Combined Fe(II)-AA and B foliar spray increased rice grain protein by 30.9%.
Impacts of Combination of Foliar Iron and Boron Application on Iron Biofortification and Nutritional Quality of Rice Grain · 2008 · compared with control
Same direction
positive
Foliar Zn and/or Fe enhanced rice yield, protein, Zn and Fe content regardless of rates and types of application.
Rice growth improvement, bio-fortification, and mitigation of macronutrient requirements through foliar application of zinc and iron- glycine chelate and zinc sulfate · 2022
Same direction

1 paper more in this group

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fertilization · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

126 papers: 114 positive, 12 negative or no effect

113 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
The optimal fertilization combination did not affect rice grain yield, protein or ash content
Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc, Selenium, and Iron Fertilizers on Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Rice Grain in China · 2008 · compared with control
Opposite direction
negative
All three fertilization modes increased rice protein content versus CK.
Effects of different fertilization modes on rice yield and quality under a rice-crab culture system · 2020 · compared with CK
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar fertilization did not significantly change rice protein content.
Statement of Foliar Fertilization Impact on Yield, Composition, and Oxidative Biomarkers in Rice · 2018
Opposite direction

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fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

3,455 papers: 3,183 positive, 272 negative or no effect

3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Green-manure nitrogen substitution gave maximum rice straw yield of 6.21 t/ha, 14.8% above full NPK.
Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of rice (Oryza sativaL.)-wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) system in north-western Himalaya · 2016 · compared with 100% NPK alone
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
The 50% RD integrated treatment in rice gave the highest gross return, net return and B:C ratio of the system
Integrated nutrient management module to improve productivity and economics of short grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa)- greengram (Vigna radiata) sequence · 2023 · compared with 75% RD as chemical fertilizer + Rhizobium + PSB
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Current high nitrogen practices do not significantly raise crop yields relative to optimum fertilization.
Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems · 2009 · compared with knowledge-based optimum N fertilization
Opposite direction

3,451 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

iron atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

zinc atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

zinc atom · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

Cyanobacteriota · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

Cyanobacteriota · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

iron atom · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

fertilization · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results