Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2016 and 2017 at the Central Tobacco Re- search Institute, West Bengal. Treatments comprised 6 weed-management practices, viz. atrazine (1.5 kg/ha) + 2, 4-D (1 kg/ha) pendimethalin (1 kg/ha) + 2, 4-D (1 kg/ha), atrazine (1 kg/ha) + pendimethalin (kg a.i/ha) + 2, 4-D (1 kg/ha); atrazine (1.5 kg/ha) + 1 hand-weeding (HW), pendimethalin (1 kg/ha) + HW, atrazine (1 kg/ha) + pendimethalin (kg a.i/ha) + HW with weed-free check, and weedy checks with 4 replications in a randomized block design. The atrazine and pendimethalin were applied pre-emergence with tank mixed; 2, 4-D post-emergence at 30 days after sowing (30 DAS) and 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS. The tank-mixed application of atrazine and pendimethalin followed by either post-emergence application of 2, 4-D at 30 DAS or 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS significantly reduced the weed density by > 92% and weed dry weight by > 68% compared to weedy check. Maize yield attributes, grain yield and stover yield were significantly high in the weed-free check, at par with treat- ment of atrazine + pendimethalin + HW. The maximum yield loss was recorded in the weedy check by 66.55% and the minimum in atrazine + pendimethalin + HW, atrazine + pendimethalin + 2, 4-D. Treatment with atrazine + pendimethalin + 2, 4-D resulted in highest net returns ( 25,820) and benefit: cost (B:C ratio) of 0.54. The results clearly indicated that, the pre-emergence tank-mixed application of atrazine + pendimethalin followed by 1 hand- weeding at 30 DAS or the post-emergence application of 2, 4-D provided weed-free environment, and proved an effective integrated approach for weed management in winter (rabi) maize.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine plus pendimethalin followed by 2, 4-D reduced weed density by over 92%.
- Treatment
- atrazine and pendimethalin followed by either post-emergence application of 2, 4-D at 30 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- > 92%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tank-mixed application of atrazine and pendimethalin followed by either post-emergence application of 2, 4-D at 30 DAS or 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS significantly reduced the weed density by > 92% and weed dry weight by > 68% compared to weedy check.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatments reduced weed dry weight by over 68%.
- Treatment
- atrazine and pendimethalin followed by either post-emergence application of 2, 4-D at 30 DAS or 1 hand-weeding at 30 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- > 68%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tank-mixed application of atrazine and pendimethalin followed by either post-emergence application of 2, 4-D at 30 DAS or 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS significantly reduced the weed density by > 92% and weed dry weight by > 68% compared to weedy check.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed free check had high maize yield attributes and grain and stover yields, comparable to atrazine plus pendimethalin plus hand weeding.
- Treatment
- weed-free checke0
- Outcome
- yield attributes, grain yield and stover yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- atrazine + pendimethalin + HWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize yield attributes, grain yield and stover yield were significantly high in the weed-free check, at par with treat- ment of atrazine + pendimethalin + HW.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check had the maximum yield loss of 66.55%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum yield loss was recorded in the weedy check by 66.55% and the minimum in atrazine + pendimethalin + HW, atrazine + pendimethalin + 2, 4-D.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine plus pendimethalin plus 2, 4-D gave the highest net return of 25,820.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with atrazine + pendimethalin + 2, 4-D resulted in highest net returns ( 25,820) and benefit: cost (B:C ratio) of 0.54.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave a benefit cost ratio of 0.54.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with atrazine + pendimethalin + 2, 4-D resulted in highest net returns ( 25,820) and benefit: cost (B:C ratio) of 0.54.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre emergence herbicide mix followed by hand weeding or 2, 4-D is recommended for winter maize weed management.
- Outcome
- effective integrated approach for weed managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pre-emergence tank-mixed application of atrazine + pendimethalin followed by 1 hand- weeding at 30 DAS or the post-emergence application of 2, 4-D provided weed-free environment, and proved an effective integrated approach for weed management in winter (rabi) maize.”
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