Abstract
The interference imposed the by weeds on corn decreases practically all vegetative characteristics. As consequence, the green ear and grain yield are also reduced. Losses due to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) attack can reduce corn grain yield up to 34%. In general, weed and insect control issues are addressed separately in research papers. Nevertheless, interaction between weeds and insects may exist. This study aimed to evaluate green ear and corn grain yield response to weed and fall armyworm control. A completely randomized block design with split-plots and five replicates was adopted. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting. Fall armyworm control (applied to subplots) was performed with sprays of water (control), deltamethrin (5g active ingredient ha-1); neem oil, at 0.5% (diluted in water), and neem leaf extract at 5%. Each product was sprayed three times, at seven-day intervals, starting at the 7th day after planting, using 150 L ha-1 of the tank solution. Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control. Fall armyworm control in the weeded plots did not influence green ear yield and grain yield, except green mass of marketable, husked ears, which was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled. Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks. The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of weed control reduced dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter and leaf length of corn.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Material
- AG 1051e1
- Treatment
- lack of weed controle2
- Outcome
- Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf lengthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- weed controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e1“Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting”
e2“Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of weed control reduced leaf width and leaf area of corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- AG 1051e1
- Treatment
- lack of weed controle2
- Outcome
- leaf width, leaf areae2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- weed controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e1“Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting”
e2“Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of weed control reduced green ear yield and grain yield of corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- AG 1051e1
- Treatment
- lack of weed controle2
- Outcome
- green ear yield and grain yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- weed controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e1“Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting”
e2“Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm control in weeded plots did not influence green ear yield or grain yield of corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fall armyworm controle3
- Interactor
- fall armyworm
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdae3pest - Outcome
- green ear yield and grain yielde3
- Direction
- did not influencee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e3“Fall armyworm control in the weeded plots did not influence green ear yield and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Green mass of marketable husked ears of corn was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- the caterpillar was not controllede4
- Interactor
- caterpillare4pest
- Outcome
- green mass of marketable, husked earse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e4“except green mass of marketable, husked ears, which was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled”
Claim · model-written summary
Without weed control, neem extract provided the highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- neem extractse5
- Outcome
- number and total weight of green ears with huskse5
- Direction
- highest yieldse5
- Qualifier
- Without weed controle5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e5“Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks”
Claim · model-written summary
Without weed control, deltamethrin sprays provided the highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin sprayse5
- Outcome
- number and total weight of green ears with huskse5
- Direction
- highest yieldse5
- Qualifier
- Without weed controle5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e5“Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks”
Claim · model-written summary
Without weed control, neem extract provided the highest yields of marketable ears with husks and of marketable ears without husks.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- neem extractse5
- Outcome
- number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without huskse5
- Direction
- highest yieldse5
- Qualifier
- Without weed controle5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e5“Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks”
Claim · model-written summary
Without weed control, deltamethrin sprays provided the highest yields of marketable ears with husks and of marketable ears without husks.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- deltamethrin sprayse5
- Outcome
- number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without huskse5
- Direction
- highest yieldse5
- Qualifier
- Without weed controle5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e5“Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract gave the best results for husked ear mass of corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- neem extracte6
- Outcome
- husked ear masse6
- Direction
- best resultse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e6“The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Deltamethrin gave the best results for grain yield of corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- deltamethrine6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- best resultse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls”
e6“The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively”
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