Abstract
Abstract Late-season control of Palmer amaranth in postharvest wheat stubble is important for reducing the seedbank. Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of late-season postemergence herbicides for Palmer amaranth control, shoot dry biomass, and seed production in postharvest wheat stubble. Field experiments were conducted at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The study site had a natural seedbank of Palmer amaranth. Herbicide treatments were applied 3 wk after wheat harvest when Palmer amaranth plants had reached the inflorescence initiation stage. Palmer amaranth was controlled by 96% to 98% 8 wk after treatment and shoot biomass as well as seed production was prevented when paraquat was applied alone or when mixed with atrazine, metribuzin, flumioxazin, 2,4-D, sulfentrazone, pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone, or flumioxazin + metribuzin, and with glyphosate + dicamba, glyphosate + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, glufosinate + dicamba + glyphosate, and glufosinate + 2,4-D + glyphosate. Palmer amaranth was controlled by 89% to 93% with application of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + atrazine, and saflufenacil + metribuzin resulting in Palmer amaranth shoot biomass of 15 to 56 g m −2 and production of 1,080 to 7,040 seeds m −2 . Palmer amaranth control was less than 86% with application of dicamba, 2,4-D, dicamba + atrazine, and saflufenacil resulting in Palmer amaranth shoot biomass of 38 to 47 g m −2 and production of 3,110 to 6,190 seeds m −2 . Palmer amaranth was controlled 63% and 72%, shoot biomass was 178 and 161 g m −2 , and seed production was 35,180 and 39,510 seeds m −2 , respectively, with application of 2,4-D + bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole + atrazine. Growers should use these effective postemergence herbicide mixes for Palmer amaranth control to prevent seed prevention postharvest in wheat stubble.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The listed paraquat and mixture treatments controlled Palmer amaranth by 96% to 98% and prevented biomass and seed production.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- paraquate0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 96% to 98%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 wk after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth was controlled by 96% to 98% 8 wk after treatment and shoot biomass as well as seed production was prevented when paraquat was applied alone or when mixed with atrazine, metribuzin, flumioxazin, 2,4-D, sulfentrazone, pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone, or flumioxazin + metribuzin, and with glyphosate + dicamba, glyphosate + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + 2,4-D, glufosinate + dicamba + glyphosate, and glufosinate + 2,4-D + glyphosate”
t0“postharvest wheat stubble in the Central Great Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate, glufosinate and listed mixtures controlled Palmer amaranth by 89% to 93%, with 15 to 56 g m −2 biomass and 1,080 to 7,040 seeds m −2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + atrazine, and saflufenacil + metribuzine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89% to 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth was controlled by 89% to 93% with application of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba + 2,4-D, saflufenacil + atrazine, and saflufenacil + metribuzin resulting in Palmer amaranth shoot biomass of 15 to 56 g m −2 and production of 1,080 to 7,040 seeds m −2”
t0“postharvest wheat stubble in the Central Great Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba, 2,4-D and listed mixtures controlled Palmer amaranth by less than 86%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dicamba, 2,4-D, dicamba + atrazine, and saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth control was less than 86% with application of dicamba, 2,4-D, dicamba + atrazine, and saflufenacil resulting in Palmer amaranth shoot biomass of 38 to 47 g m −2 and production of 3,110 to 6,190 seeds m −2”
t0“postharvest wheat stubble in the Central Great Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
The bromoxynil and fluroxypyr mixture controlled Palmer amaranth by 63%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D + bromoxynil + fluroxypyre0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth was controlled 63% and 72%, shoot biomass was 178 and 161 g m −2 , and seed production was 35,180 and 39,510 seeds m −2 , respectively, with application of 2,4-D + bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole + atrazine”
t0“postharvest wheat stubble in the Central Great Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
The bromoxynil and pyrasulfotole mixture controlled Palmer amaranth by 72%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole + atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth was controlled 63% and 72%, shoot biomass was 178 and 161 g m −2 , and seed production was 35,180 and 39,510 seeds m −2 , respectively, with application of 2,4-D + bromoxynil + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole + atrazine”
t0“postharvest wheat stubble in the Central Great Plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should use effective postemergence mixes to prevent Palmer amaranth seed production after wheat harvest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- postemergence herbicide mixese0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should use these effective postemergence herbicide mixes for Palmer amaranth control to prevent seed prevention postharvest in wheat stubble”
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See all 17 papers →pyrasulfotole · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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paraquat · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →saflufenacil · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.