Abstract
For more than two decades acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides have been the major weed control tools in winter wheat which resulted in selection of resistant weeds to those herbicides. Premix of pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil (Huskie?), a relatively new herbicide, was registered for use in wheat in 2008. Pyrasulfotole inhibits 4-hydoxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme in susceptible plants and is the first significant new mode of action for use in cereals for more than two decades. Field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2010 at two locations in Kansas, USA to test the efficacy of pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil for broadleaf weed control and crop safety in winter wheat. Treatments included pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone at 253 g·ai·ha-1 and tank mixtures of pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil at 207 g·ai·ha-1 with MCPA at 280 g·ai·ha-1, dicamba at 140 g·ai·ha-1 or metsulfuron-methyl at 4.2 g·ai·ha-1. Herbicides were applied postemergence in fall and spring seasons. Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or in combination with tank-mix partners, regardless of application time, controlled flixweed, blue mustard, bushy wallflower and field pennycress 98% or more. Henbit control was better when pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil treatments were applied in fall than spring (≥98% vs ≥67%). Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone applied in spring was not effective on wild buckwheat, but tank mixing with dicamba or metsulfuron-methyl controlled it 84% or more. Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or as tank mixture caused little (≤7%) or no injury to wheat and the injury did not influence wheat grain yields. Based on excellent control of broadleaf weeds evaluated, pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil is an alternative tool to control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds in winter wheat. Fall season application and tank mixing with other herbicides are desirable for effective and broad spectrum weed control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil alone or in tank mixes controlled four broadleaf weeds by at least 98%, independent of application time.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or in combination with tank-mix partnerse0
- Interactor
- flixweed, blue mustard, bushy wallflower and field pennycresse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled flixweed, blue mustard, bushy wallflower and field pennycresse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 98% or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or in combination with tank-mix partners, regardless of application time, controlled flixweed, blue mustard, bushy wallflower and field pennycress 98% or more”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall application controlled henbit better than spring application.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil treatments were applied in falle0
- Interactor
- Henbit
Lamium amplexicaulee0weed - Outcome
- Henbit controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- ≥98%e0
- Qualifier
- ≥67%e0
- Comparator
- springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Henbit control was better when pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil treatments were applied in fall than spring (≥98% vs ≥67%)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring application of the premix alone was ineffective against wild buckwheat.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone applied in springe0
- Interactor
- wild buckwheat
Fallopia convolvuluse0weed - Outcome
- wild buckwheate0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone applied in spring was not effective on wild buckwheat”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixing the premix with dicamba controlled wild buckwheat by at least 84%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dicambae0
- Interactor
- wild buckwheatFallopia convolvuluse1weed
- Outcome
- wild buckwheate1
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 84% or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tank mixing with dicamba or metsulfuron-methyl controlled it 84% or more”
e1“wild buckwheat”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixing the premix with metsulfuron-methyl controlled wild buckwheat by at least 84%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metsulfuron-methyle0
- Interactor
- wild buckwheatFallopia convolvuluse1weed
- Outcome
- wild buckwheate1
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 84% or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tank mixing with dicamba or metsulfuron-methyl controlled it 84% or more”
e1“wild buckwheat”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The premix alone or in tank mixes caused at most 7% wheat injury or none.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or as tank mixturee0
- Outcome
- injury to wheate0
- Direction
- littlee0
- Value
- ≤7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or as tank mixture caused little (≤7%) or no injury to wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury did not influence wheat grain yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or as tank mixturee1
- Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the injury did not influence wheat grain yields”
e1“Pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil alone or as tank mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the premix as an alternative for ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- ALS-inhibitor resistant weedse0weed
- Outcome
- alternative tool to control ALS-inhibitor resistant weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pyrasulfotole & bromoxynil is an alternative tool to control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds in winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend fall application and tank mixing for effective, broad-spectrum weed control.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Fall season application and tank mixing with other herbicides are desirable for effective and broad spectrum weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall season application and tank mixing with other herbicides are desirable for effective and broad spectrum weed control”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.