Abstract
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of glyphosate on efficacy of bentazon for glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola control and of quizalofop for GR corn control. Control also was evaluated for glyphosate plus bentazon on wild buckwheat and wheat and glyphosate plus quizalofop on velvetleaf. Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola and wild buckwheat but were antagonistic for wheat control. Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf. Inert ingredients in glyphosate formulations, i.e., cationic surfactant, NH 4 , or K, contributed to glyphosate synergism of bentazon, but the major contribution came from glyphosate itself. Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS) but was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate. AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control. NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn and SiS or AMS to velvetleaf.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled glyphosate-resistant canola.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus bentazone0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- synergisticallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola”
t0“Glyphosate-Resistant Canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled wild buckwheat.
- Taxon
- wild buckwheat
Fallopia convolvuluse0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus bentazone0
- Outcome
- controllede0
- Direction
- synergisticallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola and wild buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus bentazon was antagonistic for wheat control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus bentazone1
- Outcome
- wheat controle0
- Direction
- antagonistice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were antagonistic for wheat control”
e1“Glyphosate plus bentazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus quizalofop had additive control of glyphosate-resistant corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus quizalofope0
- Outcome
- control of GR corne0
- Direction
- additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf”
t0“Glyphosate-Resistant Canola or Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus quizalofop had additive control of velvetleaf.
- Taxon
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate plus quizalofope0
- Outcome
- control of GR corn and velvetleafe0
- Direction
- additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate itself was the main contributor to synergism with bentazon, with formulation ingredients also contributing.
- Taxon
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- glyphosate synergism of bentazone0
- Qualifier
- the major contribution came from glyphosate itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inert ingredients in glyphosate formulations, i.e., cationic surfactant, NH 4 , or K, contributed to glyphosate synergism of bentazon, but the major contribution came from glyphosate itself”
t0“Canola”
Claim · model-written summary
AMN, AMS and NIS enhanced glyphosate plus bentazon efficacy on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS)e0
- Outcome
- Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canolae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiS enhanced glyphosate plus bentazon efficacy on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- silicone surfactant (SiS)e0
- Outcome
- Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canolae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS)”
Claim · model-written summary
MSO decreased glyphosate plus bentazon efficacy on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- methylated seed oil (MSO)e0
- Outcome
- Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canolae1
- Direction
- slightly decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate”
e1“Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum oil concentrate decreased glyphosate plus bentazon efficacy on canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- petroleum oil concentratee0
- Outcome
- Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canolae1
- Direction
- slightly decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate”
e1“Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola”
Claim · model-written summary
AMN, AMS and NIS partially overcame bentazon antagonism for wheat control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- AMN, AMS, NISe0
- Outcome
- antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat controle0
- Direction
- partially overcamee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control”
Claim · model-written summary
SiS partially overcame bentazon antagonism for wheat control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SiSe0
- Outcome
- antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat controle0
- Direction
- partially overcamee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control”
Claim · model-written summary
NIS enhanced glyphosate plus quizalofop phytotoxicity to corn, less than SiS or MSO.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NISe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- SiS or MSOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn”
Claim · model-written summary
NIS enhanced glyphosate plus quizalofop phytotoxicity to velvetleaf, less than SiS or AMS.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Treatment
- NISe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleafe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- SiS or AMSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn and SiS or AMS to velvetleaf”
The same questions in other papers
bentazone · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
glyphosate · control · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →surfactant · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →glyphosate · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →glyphosate · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →ammonium nitrate · control · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
quizalofop · control · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ammonium sulfate · control · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.