Abstract
Inoculation with pollution-degrading endophytes boosts the catabolism of residual contaminants and promotes the pollution adaptation of host plants. We investigated the interaction pattern between Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfp, a chlorpyrifos-degrading endophytic bacterium, and rice (Oryza sativa) under pesticide stress using hydroponic cultivation. We observed a notable trend of endophytic root colonization in rice plants treated with 10 mg l-1 chlorpyrifos solution, and after 24 h the migration of HJY-rfp enhanced the chlorpyrifos degradation rate in leaves and stems by 53.36% and 40.81%, respectively. Critically, the rice root exudate profile (organic acids and amino acids) changed under chlorpyrifos stress, and variations in the contents of several components affected the chemotactic behaviour of HJY-rfp. HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and led to 9.8%, 22.5%, and 41.9% increases in shoot length, fresh weight, and accumulation of total chlorophyll, respectively, in rice suffering from oxidative damage by chlorpyrifos. Endophytic colonization caused up-regulation of detoxification genes that have shown a significant positive correlation with chlorpyrifos degradation in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that agrochemical stress causes plants to actively recruit specific symbiotic microbes to detoxify contaminants and survive better under pollution conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Root endophytic colonization occurred in chlorpyrifos-treated rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 10 mg l-1 chlorpyrifos solutione0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfpe1symbiont
- Outcome
- endophytic root colonizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endophytic root colonization in rice plants treated with 10 mg l-1 chlorpyrifos solution”
e1“Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfp, a chlorpyrifos-degrading endophytic bacterium”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp migration increased chlorpyrifos degradation in rice leaves by 53.36%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- migration of HJY-rfpe0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorpyrifos degradation ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 53.36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 24 h the migration of HJY-rfp enhanced the chlorpyrifos degradation rate in leaves and stems by 53.36% and 40.81%, respectively”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp migration increased chlorpyrifos degradation in rice stems by 40.81%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- migration of HJY-rfpe0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorpyrifos degradation ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 40.81%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 24 h the migration of HJY-rfp enhanced the chlorpyrifos degradation rate in leaves and stems by 53.36% and 40.81%, respectively”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpyrifos stress changed the rice root exudate profile.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifos stresse0
- Outcome
- root exudate profilee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice root exudate profile (organic acids and amino acids) changed under chlorpyrifos stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate components affected HJY-rfp chemotaxis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chemotactic behaviour of HJY-rfpe0
- Qualifier
- variations in the contents of several componentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variations in the contents of several components affected the chemotactic behaviour of HJY-rfp”
e1“the rice root exudate profile”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp colonization activated defensive enzymes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- HJY-rfp colonizatione0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- defensive enzymese0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Defensive enzyme activation enabled reactive oxygen species scavenging.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- scavenging of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Qualifier
- activated defensive enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp colonization increased rice shoot length by 9.8% under chlorpyrifos damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- HJY-rfp colonizatione0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 9.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and led to 9.8%, 22.5%, and 41.9% increases in shoot length, fresh weight, and accumulation of total chlorophyll, respectively, in rice suffering from oxidative damage by chlorpyrifos”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp colonization increased rice fresh weight by 22.5% under chlorpyrifos damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- HJY-rfp colonizatione0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 22.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and led to 9.8%, 22.5%, and 41.9% increases in shoot length, fresh weight, and accumulation of total chlorophyll, respectively, in rice suffering from oxidative damage by chlorpyrifos”
Claim · model-written summary
HJY-rfp colonization increased rice total chlorophyll accumulation by 41.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- HJY-rfp colonizatione0
- Interactor
- HJY-rfpe0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 41.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HJY-rfp colonization dramatically activated defensive enzymes, which enabled efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and led to 9.8%, 22.5%, and 41.9% increases in shoot length, fresh weight, and accumulation of total chlorophyll, respectively, in rice suffering from oxidative damage by chlorpyrifos”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic colonization up-regulated rice detoxification genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Endophytic colonizatione0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfpe2symbiont
- Outcome
- detoxification genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endophytic colonization caused up-regulation of detoxification genes”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
e2“Sphingomonas strain HJY-rfp”
Claim · model-written summary
Detoxification gene expression positively correlated with chlorpyrifos degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- detoxification genese0
- Outcome
- chlorpyrifos degradatione0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“detoxification genes that have shown a significant positive correlation with chlorpyrifos degradation in vivo”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.