Abstract
To explore the physiological effects of silicon on tomato seedlings under different low phosphorus conditions, we performed this study using ‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material, with seven combination treatments of two silicon levels (0 and 1.5 mmol/L K2SiO3•nH2O) and four phosphorus levels (0.66, 0.44, 0.22 and 0 mmol/L NaH2PO4) under hydroponic cultivation, and investigated the effects of silicon on the plant dry mass, leaf relative water content, root morphological parameters, chlorophyll contents, membrane lipid peroxidation, plasma membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, silicon and phosphorus contents of tomato seedlings exposed to different phosphorus supply levels. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4), the leaf chlorophyll content and total root length were significantly reduced under the low phosphorus condition, while the membrane lipid damage was intensified and the phosphorus content in plant was declined, which led to the growth inhibition of tomato seedlings. Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth, and the stressed-plants were maintained with higher leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents and better root growth. Besides, the corresponding malondialdehyde (MDA) content, <alternatives><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/19C86352-C565-4107-8352-5EFBA8FB7ABA-F002.png"/></alternatives> content and H2O2 level in leaves and roots were decreased due to the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the assimilation of phosphorus in plants was promoted. Interestingly, there was the most significant facilitation of silicon on the growth of tomato seedlings when subjected to mildly low phosphorus stress. In general, exogenous silicon could promote the tolerance of tomato seedlings to phosphorus-deficiency, through improving the root growth and leaf water status, as well as inducing the enhancement of plant antioxidation capacity, and the silicon-mediated regulatory effect was more pronounced for mildly low phosphorus stress. These results are helpful for further understanding the synergistic effects of silicon and phosphorus elements, and will provide a theory basis for illuminating the physiological mechanism of silicon-mediated alleviation of tomato seedlings under the low phosphorus stress.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus significantly reduced leaf chlorophyll content and total root length compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Zhongza 9e0
- Treatment
- low phosphorus conditione1
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content and total root lengthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e1“the leaf chlorophyll content and total root length were significantly reduced under the low phosphorus condition”
e7“compared with the control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus intensified membrane lipid damage in tomato seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- low phosphorus conditione1
- Outcome
- membrane lipid damagee2
- Direction
- intensifiede2
- Comparator
- control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e1“the leaf chlorophyll content and total root length were significantly reduced under the low phosphorus condition”
e2“the membrane lipid damage was intensified and the phosphorus content in plant was declined, which led to the growth inhibition of tomato seedlings”
e7“compared with the control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus declined phosphorus content in tomato seedlings compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- low phosphorus conditione1
- Outcome
- phosphorus content in plante2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Comparator
- control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the leaf chlorophyll content and total root length were significantly reduced under the low phosphorus condition”
e2“the membrane lipid damage was intensified and the phosphorus content in plant was declined, which led to the growth inhibition of tomato seedlings”
e7“compared with the control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus stress inhibited growth of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- low phosphorus conditione1
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
- Comparator
- control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the leaf chlorophyll content and total root length were significantly reduced under the low phosphorus condition”
e2“the membrane lipid damage was intensified and the phosphorus content in plant was declined, which led to the growth inhibition of tomato seedlings”
e7“compared with the control treatment (0.66 mmol/L NaH2PO4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibition of seedling growth by low phosphorus stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- seedling growthe3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-treated stressed tomato seedlings kept higher leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- leaf relative water contentse4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e4“the stressed-plants were maintained with higher leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents and better root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-treated stressed tomato seedlings kept higher chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e4“the stressed-plants were maintained with higher leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents and better root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-treated stressed tomato seedlings had better root growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- root growthe4
- Direction
- bettere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e4“the stressed-plants were maintained with higher leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents and better root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon decreased H2O2 level in leaves and roots, attributed to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- H2O2 level in leaves and rootse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- due to the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activitiese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e5“H2O2 level in leaves and roots were decreased due to the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente4
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e5“H2O2 level in leaves and roots were decreased due to the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities”
e4“the corresponding malondialdehyde (MDA) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activitiese5
- Direction
- enhancemente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e5“H2O2 level in leaves and roots were decreased due to the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon promoted phosphorus assimilation in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone3
- Outcome
- assimilation of phosphoruse6
- Direction
- promotede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Zhongza 9’ tomato cultivar as the experimental material”
e3“Addition of exogenous silicon significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of low phosphorus stress on the seedling growth”
e6“the assimilation of phosphorus in plants was promoted”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon most significantly promoted growth of tomato seedlings under mildly low phosphorus stress.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- mildly low phosphorus stresse7
- Outcome
- growth of tomato seedlingse7
- Direction
- most significant facilitatione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“there was the most significant facilitation of silicon on the growth of tomato seedlings when subjected to mildly low phosphorus stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous silicon could promote tolerance of tomato seedlings to phosphorus deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous silicone0
- Outcome
- tolerance of tomato seedlings to phosphorus-deficiencye0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous silicon could promote the tolerance of tomato seedlings to phosphorus-deficiency”
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