Abstract
Ultra-early seeding of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the northern Great Plains can increase grain yield and grain yield stability compared to current spring wheat planting systems. Field trials were conducted in western Canada from 2015 to 2018 to evaluate the impact of optimal agronomic management on grain yield, quality, and stability in ultra-early wheat seeding systems. Four planting times initiated by soil temperature triggers were evaluated. The earliest planting was triggered when soils reached 0–2.5 °C at a 5 cm depth, with the subsequent three plantings completed at 2.5 °C intervals up to soil temperatures of 10 °C. Two spring wheat lines were seeded at each planting date at two seeding depths (2.5 and 5 cm), and two seeding rates (200 and 400 seeds m−2). The greatest grain yield and stability occurred from combinations of the earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depth; wheat line did not influence grain yield. Grain protein content was greater at later seeding dates; however, the greater grain yield at earlier seeding dates resulted in more protein production per unit area. Despite extreme ambient air temperatures below 0 °C after planting, plant survival was not reduced at the earliest seeding dates. Planting wheat as soon as feasible after soil temperatures reach 0 °C, and prior to soils reaching 7.5–10 °C, at an optimal seeding rate and shallow seeding depth increased grain yield and stability compared to current seeding practices. Adopting ultra-early wheat seeding systems on the northern Great Plains will lead to additional grain yield benefits as climate change continues to increase annual average growing season temperatures.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depth gave greatest grain yield.
- Treatment
- combinations of the earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depthe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The greatest grain yield and stability occurred from combinations of the earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depth”
Claim · model-written summary
The same management combinations gave greatest yield stability.
- Treatment
- combinations of the earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depthe0
- Outcome
- stabilitye0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The greatest grain yield and stability occurred from combinations of the earliest seeding dates, high seeding rate, and shallow seeding depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat line did not influence grain yield.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“wheat line did not influence grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Later seeding dates increased grain protein content.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein content was greater at later seeding dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier seeding increased protein production per area through higher yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the greater grain yield at earlier seeding dates resulted in more protein production per unit area”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant survival was not reduced at earliest seeding dates despite subzero air temperatures.
- Treatment
- earliest seeding datese0
- Outcome
- plant survivale0
- Direction
- not reducede0
- Qualifier
- extreme ambient air temperatures below 0 °Ce0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Despite extreme ambient air temperatures below 0 °C after planting, plant survival was not reduced at the earliest seeding dates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting at 0 °C and before 7.5–10 °C with optimal rate and shallow depth increased grain yield over current practice.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Planting wheat as soon as feasible after soil temperatures reach 0 °C, and prior to soils reaching 7.5–10 °C, at an optimal seeding rate and shallow seeding depthe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- current seeding practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting wheat as soon as feasible after soil temperatures reach 0 °C, and prior to soils reaching 7.5–10 °C, at an optimal seeding rate and shallow seeding depth increased grain yield and stability compared to current seeding practices.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same planting approach increased yield stability over current practice.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Planting wheat as soon as feasible after soil temperatures reach 0 °C, and prior to soils reaching 7.5–10 °C, at an optimal seeding rate and shallow seeding depthe0
- Outcome
- stabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- current seeding practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting wheat as soon as feasible after soil temperatures reach 0 °C, and prior to soils reaching 7.5–10 °C, at an optimal seeding rate and shallow seeding depth increased grain yield and stability compared to current seeding practices.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors project further grain-yield benefit from ultra-early seeding as growing seasons warm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Adopting ultra-early wheat seeding systemse0
- Setting
- northern Great Plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adopting ultra-early wheat seeding systems on the northern Great Plains will lead to additional grain yield benefits as climate change continues to increase annual average growing season temperatures.”
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