Abstract
Abstract Wheat growth, development, and grain yield are affected by global climate warming. The general consensus is that global warming shortens the overall length of wheat growing period and reduces global wheat yield. Here, focusing on China, the largest wheat producer in the world, we show that warming increases wheat yield in most winter wheat growing regions in China. We collated data from field experiments under stress-free conditions and artificial warming from 12 locations over China to assess the impact of warming on wheat yield. The data cover 14 wheat cultivars, 27 site-years, and a range of growing season temperatures from 7.5 °C to 17.2 °C. Our results indicate that warming up to +3 °C increased winter wheat yield by 5.8% per °C (change rate of yield/average of yield), while reduced spring wheat yield by 16.1% per °C. Although artificial warming reduced the total growth duration, warming-induced longer early developmental phases and grain filling duration, and subsequently more and larger grains contributed to the yield increase of winter wheat. The yield decline of spring wheat was due to the opposite changes of those key processes in response to temperature rise.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Warming up to +3 °C increased winter wheat yield by 5.8% per °C.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- winter wheate0
- Treatment
- warming up to +3 °Ce0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.8% per °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“warming up to +3 °C increased winter wheat yield by 5.8% per °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming reduced spring wheat yield by 16.1% per °C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- spring wheate0
- Treatment
- warminge1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16.1% per °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reduced spring wheat yield by 16.1% per °C”
t0“wheat to temperature rise”
e1“warming up to +3 °C increased winter wheat yield by 5.8% per °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial warming shortened total wheat growth duration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- artificial warminge0
- Outcome
- total growth duratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“artificial warming reduced the total growth duration”
t0“wheat to temperature rise”
e1“warming up to +3 °C increased winter wheat yield by 5.8% per °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming lengthened early developmental phases in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- early developmental phasese0
- Direction
- longere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“warming-induced longer early developmental phases and grain filling duration”
t0“winter and spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming lengthened winter wheat grain filling duration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- grain filling duratione0
- Direction
- longere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“warming-induced longer early developmental phases and grain filling duration”
t0“winter and spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
More and larger grains contributed to increased winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Qualifier
- more and larger grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequently more and larger grains contributed to the yield increase of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Opposite developmental and grain changes accounted for the spring wheat yield decline.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- temperature risee0
- Outcome
- yield declinee0
- Qualifier
- opposite changes of those key processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield decline of spring wheat was due to the opposite changes of those key processes in response to temperature rise”
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