Abstract
Possible future increases in atmospheric temperature may threaten wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production and food security. The purpose of this research is to determine the response of wheat growth to supplemental heating and to seasonal air temperature from an unusually wide range of planting dates. A field study was conducted at Maricopa, AZ, where wheat was planted from September to May over a 2‐yr period for a total of 12 planting dates. Supplemental heating was provided for 6 of the 12 planting dates using infrared heaters placed above the crop which increased canopy temperature by 1.3°C during the day and 2.7°C during the night. Grain yield declined 42 g m −2 (6.9%) per 1°C increase in seasonal temperature above 16.3°C. Supplemental heating had no effect on grain yield for plantings in winter (Dec./Jan.) since temperatures were near optimum (14.9°C). However, in spring (Mar.) plantings where temperature (22.2°C) was above optimum, supplemental heating decreased grain yield from 510 to 368 g m −2 . Supplemental heating had the greatest effect in the early fall plantings (Sept./Oct.) when temperature was slightly below optimum (13.8°C) and mid‐season frost limited the yield of unheated plots to only 3 g m −2 whereas yield of heated plots was 435 g m −2 . Thus, possible future increases in temperature may decrease wheat yield for late plantings and shift optimum planting windows to earlier dates in areas of the world similar to the desert southwest of the United States.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield declined 42 g m −2 or 6.9% per 1°C above 16.3°C seasonal temperature.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- seasonal temperature above 16.3°Ce0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 42 g m −2 (6.9%) per 1°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield declined 42 g m −2 (6.9%) per 1°C increase in seasonal temperature above 16.3°C”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental heating had no effect on grain yield in winter plantings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Supplemental heatinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- plantings in winter (Dec./Jan.)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental heating had no effect on grain yield for plantings in winter (Dec./Jan.) since temperatures were near optimum (14.9°C)”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental heating decreased grain yield in spring plantings from 510 to 368 g m −2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- supplemental heatinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 368 g m −2e0
- Qualifier
- from 510 to 368 g m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in spring (Mar.) plantings where temperature (22.2°C) was above optimum, supplemental heating decreased grain yield from 510 to 368 g m −2”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental heating increased early fall grain yield from 3 to 435 g m −2 where frost limited unheated plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- heated plotse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 435 g m −2e0
- Qualifier
- mid‐season froste0
- Comparator
- unheated plotse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the early fall plantings (Sept./Oct.) when temperature was slightly below optimum (13.8°C) and mid‐season frost limited the yield of unheated plots to only 3 g m −2 whereas yield of heated plots was 435 g m −2”
e1“wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors project warming could decrease yield for late wheat plantings and shift optimum planting earlier in desert southwest settings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- decrease wheat yield for late plantings and shift optimum planting windows to earlier datese0
- Setting
- desert southwest of the United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“possible future increases in temperature may decrease wheat yield for late plantings and shift optimum planting windows to earlier dates in areas of the world similar to the desert southwest of the United States”
The same questions in other papers
heat · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
254 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 309 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.