Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) plants cv. Premium to study the effect of sheep manure at the rate 10 m3 ( 4.28 tons/fed.), 3 levels of phosphate fertilizer i.e. 0, 10 or 20 kg P2O5/fed.or the recommended rate of chemical fertilizers (40 N + 30 P2O5 + 50 K2O kg/fed.) with three kinds of biofertilizers i.e. yeast, Pseudomonas, Bacillus (bacteria dissolving phosphate) inoculated with seedling or uninoculation on vegetative growth characters at head initiation and at side head initiation as well as days from transplanting until head initiation, yield and chemical components in leaves and heads. Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers. Days from transplanting until head initiation not affected by fertilization. The result indicated that using sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5 gave better values than using chemical fertilizers. On the other hand, ascorbic acid of heads was higher by adding sheep manure plus10kgP2O5 than values of sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5 or chemical fertilizers. Nitrate content of heads were the highest with application chemical fertilizer. The three biofertilizers treatments increased vegetative growth parameters, total yield and its components as well as chemical components in the leaves and heads as comparing with uninoculation treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the highest yield of heads in the first season also side head weight and total yield per fed. as well as total sugars and amino acids in leaves in both seasons . Yeast caused the higher values of heads yield per fed. and total free amino acids in heads, in the second season. On the other hand, nitrate content of heads were the highest with inoculated plants with yeast, while Bacillus caused the lowest values. Bacillus results in the highest total amino acids in heads in the first season and ascorbic acid content in heads in both season.The highest total yields were obtained of plants received sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed and inoculated with pseudomonas or Bacillus in the first and second seasons, respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher growth and yield measures than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed.e0
- Outcome
- plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed.e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- recommended chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher growth and yield measures than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed.e0
- Outcome
- plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed.e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- recommended chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. raised leaf and head chemical measures relative to chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed.e0
- Outcome
- percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and headse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- recommended chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. raised leaf and head chemical measures relative to chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed.e0
- Outcome
- percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and headse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- recommended chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed. followed by sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5/fed. gave higher values of plant length, plant, stem, leaves fresh weights, number of leaves per plant, head, side heads weights per plant and total yield/fed. as well as the percentage of N, P, K,dry matter, total sugar, soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentration in leaves and heads comparing with adding recommended chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization did not affect days from transplanting to head initiation.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Days from transplanting until head initiatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Days from transplanting until head initiation not affected by fertilization.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5 gave better values than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5e0
- Outcome
- better valuese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result indicated that using sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5 gave better values than using chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5 produced higher head ascorbic acid than manure plus 20 kg P2O5.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus10kgP2O5e0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid of headse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, ascorbic acid of heads was higher by adding sheep manure plus10kgP2O5 than values of sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5 or chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure plus 10 kg P2O5 produced higher head ascorbic acid than chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus10kgP2O5e0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid of headse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, ascorbic acid of heads was higher by adding sheep manure plus10kgP2O5 than values of sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5 or chemical fertilizers.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer produced the highest head nitrate content.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Nitrate content of headse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate content of heads were the highest with application chemical fertilizer.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation increased broccoli vegetative growth, yield and chemical components compared with no inoculation.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- three biofertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameters, total yield and its components as well as chemical components in the leaves and headse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculation treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three biofertilizers treatments increased vegetative growth parameters, total yield and its components as well as chemical components in the leaves and heads as comparing with uninoculation treatment.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced the highest first-season head yield.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0symbiont - Outcome
- yield of heads in the first seasone0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the highest yield of heads in the first season also side head weight and total yield per fed. as well as total sugars and amino acids in leaves in both seasons .”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave the highest side head weight and total yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0symbiont
- Outcome
- side head weight and total yield per fed.e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the highest yield of heads in the first season also side head weight and total yield per fed. as well as total sugars and amino acids in leaves in both seasons .”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave the highest leaf sugars and amino acids in both seasons.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0symbiont
- Outcome
- total sugars and amino acids in leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the highest yield of heads in the first season also side head weight and total yield per fed. as well as total sugars and amino acids in leaves in both seasons .”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast gave higher head yield and head amino acids in the second season.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Yeaste0
- Interactor
- Yeaste0symbiont
- Outcome
- heads yield per fed. and total free amino acids in headse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast caused the higher values of heads yield per fed. and total free amino acids in heads, in the second season.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast inoculation gave the highest head nitrate content.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- inoculated plants with yeaste0
- Interactor
- yeaste0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrate content of headse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate content of heads were the highest with inoculated plants with yeast, while Bacillus caused the lowest values.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation gave the lowest head nitrate content.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrate content of headse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrate content of heads were the highest with inoculated plants with yeast, while Bacillus caused the lowest values.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus gave the highest head amino acids in the first season.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total amino acids in heads in the first seasone0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus results in the highest total amino acids in heads in the first season and ascorbic acid content in heads in both season.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus gave the highest head ascorbic acid in both seasons.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid content in heads in both seasone0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus results in the highest total amino acids in heads in the first season and ascorbic acid content in heads in both season.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure plus 20 kg P2O5 with pseudomonas gave the highest total yield in the first season.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed and inoculated with pseudomonase0
- Interactor
- pseudomonasPseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total yields were obtained of plants received sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed and inoculated with pseudomonas or Bacillus in the first and second seasons, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure plus 20 kg P2O5 with Bacillus gave the highest total yield in the second season.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed and inoculated with pseudomonas or Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- second seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest total yields were obtained of plants received sheep manure plus 20 kg P2O5/fed and inoculated with pseudomonas or Bacillus in the first and second seasons, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.