Abstract
An immense increase in human population along with diminished lands necessitates the increase of rice production since, it serves the human population as a staple food. Though rice hybrids (RH) are showing considerable yield enhancement over inbreds in terms of both quality and quantity, farmers’ adoption of hybrid rice technology has been much slower than expected because of several constraints such as seed cost and quality. Doubled haploid (DH) technology was considered useful for the development of inbred lines from rice hybrids in a single generation. Androgenesis shows its significance in development of DHs in rice which requires an efficient method to establish the production of large population. To start the anther culture, anthers are the main component of androgenesis to be isolated from unopened spikes. However, the duration of spikes availability for anther culture coupled with the segregation of rice hybrids in the next generation requires the main crop be ratooned to reduce the cost of cultivation. Therefore, the efficiency of the androgenic method was tested in main crop using a quality indica rice hybrid, 27P63 and its ratooned ones. The effects of various factors such as cold temperature pre-treatment of boots, treatment duration, and different combination of plant growth regulators (PGR) on callus response along with shoot regeneration were tested for development of DHs from both ratooned and non-ratooned plants. The N6 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlrophenoxy acetic acid), 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylamino purine), and 30 g/L maltose was found to be most effective for callusing as compared to MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The N6 media inducted calli showed maximum response rate for green shoot regeneration in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid), 0.5 mg/L Kn (Kinetin; 6-furfurylaminopurine), 1.5 mg/L BAP and 30 g/L sucrose after 2 weeks of culture. The pre-treatment of spikes at 10 °C for 2 d followed by a 7th and 8th d were found to be most effective for callusing as well as for regeneration, producing a total of 343 green plants from ratooned and main rice hybrid, 27P63. Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids. Microsatellite markers could authenticate all 324 fertile diploids as true DHs. Though this study shows a reduction in generation of DHs from ratooned plants as compared to the main crop, manipulation of chemical factors could optimize the method to enhance the production of considerable number of DHs. Utilization of ratooned of hybrid rice in androgenesis would save time and cost of cultivation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
N6 medium with 2,4-D, BAP and maltose was more effective for callusing than MS medium.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N6 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlrophenoxy acetic acid), 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylamino purine), and 30 g/L maltosee0
- Outcome
- callusinge0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- MS (Murashige and Skoog) mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N6 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlrophenoxy acetic acid), 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylamino purine), and 30 g/L maltose was found to be most effective for callusing as compared to MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N6-derived calli had maximum green-shoot regeneration in supplemented MS medium after two weeks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid), 0.5 mg/L Kn (Kinetin; 6-furfurylaminopurine), 1.5 mg/L BAP and 30 g/L sucrosee0
- Outcome
- response rate for green shoot regeneratione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- after 2 weeks of culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N6 media inducted calli showed maximum response rate for green shoot regeneration in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid), 0.5 mg/L Kn (Kinetin; 6-furfurylaminopurine), 1.5 mg/L BAP and 30 g/L sucrose after 2 weeks of culture.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike pretreatment at 10 °C for 2 d was most effective for callusing and regeneration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- 27P63e0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment of spikes at 10 °C for 2 d followed by a 7th and 8th de0
- Outcome
- callusing as well as for regeneratione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 343 green plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pre-treatment of spikes at 10 °C for 2 d followed by a 7th and 8th d were found to be most effective for callusing as well as for regeneration, producing a total of 343 green plants from ratooned and main rice hybrid, 27P63.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy assessment classified 94.46% as diploid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- diploidse0
- Value
- 94.46%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy assessment classified 3.49% as polyploid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- polyploidse0
- Value
- 3.49%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy assessment classified 0.58% as mixploid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- mixploidse0
- Value
- 0.58%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy assessment classified 1.45% as haploid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- haploidse0
- Value
- 1.45%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Microsatellite markers authenticated all 324 fertile diploids as doubled haploids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- true DHse0
- Value
- 324 fertile diploidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microsatellite markers could authenticate all 324 fertile diploids as true DHs.”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratooned plants generated fewer doubled haploids than the main crop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ratooned plantse0
- Outcome
- generation of DHse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- main crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study shows a reduction in generation of DHs from ratooned plants as compared to the main crop”
t0“Quality Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect use of ratooned rice for androgenesis to save time and cultivation cost.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ratooned of hybrid ricee0
- Outcome
- save time and cost of cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Utilization of ratooned of hybrid rice in androgenesis would save time and cost of cultivation.”
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