Abstract
Microsporogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa) plants is susceptible to moderate low temperature (LT; approximately 19°C) that disrupts pollen development and causes severe reductions in grain yields. Although considerable research has been invested in the study of cool-temperature injury, a full understanding of the molecular mechanism has not been achieved. Here, we show that endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and GA7, and expression levels of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox3 and GA3ox1, decrease in the developing anthers by exposure to LT. By contrast, the levels of precursor GA12 were higher in response to LT. In addition, the expression of the dehydration-responsive element-binding protein DREB2B and SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)/DELLA was up-regulated in response to LT. Mutants involved in GA biosynthetic and response pathways were hypersensitive to LT stress, including the semidwarf mutants sd1 and d35, the gain-of-function mutant slr1-d, and gibberellin insensitive dwarf1. The reduction in the number of sporogenous cells and the abnormal enlargement of tapetal cells occurred most severely in the GA-insensitive mutant. Application of exogenous GA significantly reversed the male sterility caused by LT, and simultaneous application of exogenous GA with sucrose substantially improved the extent of normal pollen development. Modern rice varieties carrying the sd1 mutation are widely cultivated, and the sd1 mutation is considered one of the greatest achievements of the Green Revolution. The protective strategy achieved by our work may help sustain steady yields of rice under global climate change.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced GA4 and GA7 levels in developing rice anthers.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Organ / stage
- developing antherse0
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and GA7e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and GA7, and expression levels of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox3 and GA3ox1, decrease in the developing anthers by exposure to LT”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced expression of GA20ox3 and GA3ox1 in developing rice anthers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- developing antherse0
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Gene
- GA20ox3 and GA3ox1e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of the GA biosynthesis genes GA20ox3 and GA3ox1, decrease in the developing anthers by exposure to LT”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased precursor GA12 levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- levels of precursor GA12e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of precursor GA12 were higher in response to LT”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature up-regulated DREB2B and SLR1/DELLA expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Gene
- DREB2B and SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)/DELLAe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of the dehydration-responsive element-binding protein DREB2B and SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)/DELLA was up-regulated in response to LT”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA pathway mutants were hypersensitive to low temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- semidwarf mutants sd1 and d35, the gain-of-function mutant slr1-d, and gibberellin insensitive dwarf1e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive to LT stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutants involved in GA biosynthetic and response pathways were hypersensitive to LT stress, including the semidwarf mutants sd1 and d35, the gain-of-function mutant slr1-d, and gibberellin insensitive dwarf1”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The GA-insensitive mutant had the most severe reduction in sporogenous cell number and abnormal tapetal enlargement.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- GA-insensitive mutante0
- Organ / stage
- sporogenous cellse0
- Outcome
- reduction in the number of sporogenous cells and the abnormal enlargement of tapetal cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in the number of sporogenous cells and the abnormal enlargement of tapetal cells occurred most severely in the GA-insensitive mutant”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA significantly reversed low temperature male sterility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous GAe0
- Outcome
- male sterility caused by LTe0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of exogenous GA significantly reversed the male sterility caused by LT”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA with sucrose substantially improved normal pollen development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous GA with sucrosee0
- Outcome
- extent of normal pollen developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simultaneous application of exogenous GA with sucrose substantially improved the extent of normal pollen development”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa) plants”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.