Abstract
Late blight of potato is one of the most devastating diseases with great economic importance. Among several disease management strategies, ISR (Induced systemic resistance) plays an important role in checking the disease spread. So, in the present study, nine different SAR chemical inducers viz. Phosphoric acid, Salicylic acid, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA), Benzoic acid, Benzothiadiazole, Dichloro-iso nicotinic acid (INA) and Kinetin were evaluated at 0.05% (C1), 0.10% (C2) and 0.15% (C3) concentrations, whereas Calcium chloride and Ascorbic Acid at 3.5% (C1), 5.0% (C2), 6.5% (C3) and 1.5% (C1), 2.0% (C2), 2.5% (C3) respectively at three different concentrations each, along with positive and negative checks of standard fungicide metalaxyl 8+ macozeb 64 WP @0.25% and control(water) respectively by spraying them at 2-3 compound leaf stage of plants which were challenged by P. infestans inoculations five days later in pots to assess disease incidence and intensity which were recorded at weekly intervals of four stages (stage I-IV). It was found that the foliar spray with benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% was best in delaying the appearance of first symptoms of the disease by 11 days followed by salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% and ascorbic acid @ 2.5% which delayed the symptom appearance by 9 days, whereas the standard fungicidal spray of metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed the symptom appearance by only 8 days when compared to water sprayed check. It was also found that on an average, BTH sprays completely arrested the late blight development (0% intensity) followed by salicylic acid, INA and ascorbic acid sprays exhibiting 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity compared to 2.00 and 6.28 percent intensity recorded, respectively, on metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP and water-sprayed plants one week after first appearance of disease in control pots (stage I). These treatments with chemical inducers showed an increase in the activity of peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases in the infected potato leaves as a result of SAR activity at all stages (stage I-IV). Average maximum peroxidase activity of 19.01-20.66 mg and polyphenol oxidase activity of 2.70-2.89 mg were recorded in the potato leaves during stage-I, sprayed with either BTH, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid or salicylic acid as compared to only (16.78 mg and 2.28 mg), (4.66 mg and 1.36 mg) recorded in (metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP) and water-sprayed check respectively. The highest concentrations of all the test chemicals, in general, showed increased biochemical activity thereby yielding lesser blight intensity compared to their lower concentrations.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% delayed potato late-blight symptom appearance by 11 days versus water spray.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15%e0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom appearancee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 11 dayse0
- Comparator
- water sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was found that the foliar spray with benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% was best in delaying the appearance of first symptoms of the disease by 11 days followed by salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% and ascorbic acid @ 2.5% which delayed the symptom appearance by 9 days, whereas the standard fungicidal spray of metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed the symptom appearance by only 8 days when compared to water sprayed check.”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% delayed potato late-blight symptom appearance by 9 days versus water spray.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15%e0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom appearancee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 9 dayse0
- Comparator
- water sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was found that the foliar spray with benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% was best in delaying the appearance of first symptoms of the disease by 11 days followed by salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% and ascorbic acid @ 2.5% which delayed the symptom appearance by 9 days, whereas the standard fungicidal spray of metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed the symptom appearance by only 8 days when compared to water sprayed check.”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
ascorbic acid @ 2.5% delayed potato late-blight symptom appearance by 9 days versus water spray.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acid @ 2.5%e0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom appearancee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 9 dayse0
- Comparator
- water sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was found that the foliar spray with benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% was best in delaying the appearance of first symptoms of the disease by 11 days followed by salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% and ascorbic acid @ 2.5% which delayed the symptom appearance by 9 days, whereas the standard fungicidal spray of metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed the symptom appearance by only 8 days when compared to water sprayed check.”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed potato late-blight symptom appearance by 8 days versus water spray.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25%e0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- symptom appearancee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 8 dayse0
- Comparator
- water sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was found that the foliar spray with benzothiadiazole (BTH) @ 0.10 to 0.15% was best in delaying the appearance of first symptoms of the disease by 11 days followed by salicylic acid@ 0.10 to 0.15% and ascorbic acid @ 2.5% which delayed the symptom appearance by 9 days, whereas the standard fungicidal spray of metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP at the recommended concentration of 0.25% delayed the symptom appearance by only 8 days when compared to water sprayed check.”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH sprays arrested late-blight development at 0% intensity at stage I.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BTH sprayse0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- late blight developmente0
- Direction
- completely arrestede0
- Value
- 0% intensitye0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also found that on an average, BTH sprays completely arrested the late blight development (0% intensity) followed by salicylic acid, INA and ascorbic acid sprays exhibiting 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity compared to 2.00 and 6.28 percent intensity recorded, respectively, on metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP and water-sprayed plants one week after first appearance of disease in control pots (stage I).”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
salicylic acid spray had 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity at stage I.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- mean blight intensitye0
- Direction
- followede0
- Value
- 0.46-0.74%e0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also found that on an average, BTH sprays completely arrested the late blight development (0% intensity) followed by salicylic acid, INA and ascorbic acid sprays exhibiting 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity compared to 2.00 and 6.28 percent intensity recorded, respectively, on metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP and water-sprayed plants one week after first appearance of disease in control pots (stage I).”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
INA spray had 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity at stage I.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- INAe0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- mean blight intensitye0
- Direction
- followede0
- Value
- 0.46-0.74%e0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also found that on an average, BTH sprays completely arrested the late blight development (0% intensity) followed by salicylic acid, INA and ascorbic acid sprays exhibiting 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity compared to 2.00 and 6.28 percent intensity recorded, respectively, on metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP and water-sprayed plants one week after first appearance of disease in control pots (stage I).”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
ascorbic acid spray had 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity at stage I.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- ascorbic acide0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- mean blight intensitye0
- Direction
- followede0
- Value
- 0.46-0.74%e0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was also found that on an average, BTH sprays completely arrested the late blight development (0% intensity) followed by salicylic acid, INA and ascorbic acid sprays exhibiting 0.46-0.74% mean blight intensity compared to 2.00 and 6.28 percent intensity recorded, respectively, on metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP and water-sprayed plants one week after first appearance of disease in control pots (stage I).”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical inducers increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in infected potato leaves across stages I-IV.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- chemical inducerse0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidases and polyphenol oxidasese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments with chemical inducers showed an increase in the activity of peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases in the infected potato leaves as a result of SAR activity at all stages (stage I-IV).”
t1“P. infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
peroxidase activity reached 19.01-20.66 mg in stage-I potato leaves sprayed with listed chemical inducers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- potato leavese0
- Treatment
- BTH, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid or salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 19.01-20.66 mge0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average maximum peroxidase activity of 19.01-20.66 mg and polyphenol oxidase activity of 2.70-2.89 mg were recorded in the potato leaves during stage-I, sprayed with either BTH, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid or salicylic acid as compared to only (16.78 mg and 2.28 mg), (4.66 mg and 1.36 mg) recorded in (metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP) and water-sprayed check respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
polyphenol oxidase activity reached 2.70-2.89 mg in stage-I potato leaves sprayed with listed chemical inducers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- potato leavese0
- Treatment
- BTH, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid or salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.70-2.89 mge0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average maximum peroxidase activity of 19.01-20.66 mg and polyphenol oxidase activity of 2.70-2.89 mg were recorded in the potato leaves during stage-I, sprayed with either BTH, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid or salicylic acid as compared to only (16.78 mg and 2.28 mg), (4.66 mg and 1.36 mg) recorded in (metalaxyl 8 + mancozeb 64 WP) and water-sprayed check respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher chemical concentrations increased biochemical activity relative to lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all the test chemicalse0
- Outcome
- biochemical activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- lower concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentrations of all the test chemicals, in general, showed increased biochemical activity thereby yielding lesser blight intensity compared to their lower concentrations.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher chemical concentrations yielded lower blight intensity relative to lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations of all the test chemicalse0
- Interactor
- P. infestanst1pathogen
- Outcome
- blight intensitye0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Comparator
- lower concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentrations of all the test chemicals, in general, showed increased biochemical activity thereby yielding lesser blight intensity compared to their lower concentrations.”
t0“Potato”
t1“P. infestans”
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See all 16 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.